History about the war Essay Example for Free

History ab off the war EssayIt is rattling true that the United States overthrew Guatemala, Chile and Iran. There are near motivations besidest joint the overthrows. One of the motivations behind the overthrows is nationalism. This is because United Nations just like all otherwise nations opposes nationalism. Other main motivations behind the United States overthrow to these countries include the urge to lower its ideology, gaining control of roughly of the valuable resources and the increase of its power.The United States withal carries out coups, invasions and revolutions so that it passel topple it feared or mistrusted. It as well uses a variety of methods in persuading g other countries into assisting them with the coups revolutions and invasions. The methods used include the offering of booties to states that support its interests, time-honored strategies of diplomacy and retaliation threats to those countries that refuse to support them. In Chile United States l aunched its coup with the aim of propagating the spirit of good humanitarian ground.This is because Pinochet was highly manifold in human rights violations because his security forces were perceived to be accountable for more than 3,197 murders of the Chilean citizens. 1,100 of the dispatch citizens disappeared for they were abused to their death, thr have got by the military from the helicopters into Pacific Ocean or buried into unfathomed graves. The other reason as to why united states carried out the coup was to ensure that it prevented its consolidation and also limited the governments ability to implement some of the policies which were contrary to itself (U.S) and also hemispheric interests.U. S also committed some coups with the aim of fostering its accessibility to some of the economically rich regions. For instance in 1953 Dulles ordered a coup on Iran which was intended to bring about(predicate) Middle East very safe for American oil companies. United sates committed a coup in Guatemala because it disliked the communist policies which were set by Arbenz. He was perceived to be a communist because h e sought to give the landless some land or in other words he advocated for equal land distribution by giving peasants the idle lands which belonged to the upper class.Dulles had ordered the coup in Guatemala because he had disliked the way the nationalist government had confronted the power of the United Fruit Company which was represented by his old law firm (Npr. org, 01). United States of America was involved in what was called mountains war against fascism. All the American were in agreement with capitalists, democrats, republicans, communists, rich, poor and the middle class and this is why the war was referred to as the peoples war. This war was the trendiest in United States that the country had ever fought. This is because around 18 million people participated in the war.And over 25 million workers contributed financially to the war. The po wer of the nation, church, press and also chief radical organizations called for all-out war. The war was in opposition to an enemy of appalling evil. for instance Hitlers Germany was widening totalitarianism, , militarism and overt aggressive, and racialism warfare outside what an already contemptuous world had gone through yet, the governments(the United States, England, the Soviet Union) accomplishing this represented something considerably different, so that their success would be a bluster to imperialism, totalitarianism, racism, militarism, in the world.America stepped up as the defender of vulnerable countries matching its image in American history textbooks for high school. For instance it conflicting Haitian revolution for independence from France at the beginning of 19C. America just pursued its imperialist interests in the name of assisting the missed countries for it instigated conflicts with Mexico taking half of the country. It also pretended to rescue Cuba from Spain at the same time it stagnated there with military base, rights of interventions and investments.It also grabbed Hawaii Guam and Puerto Rico it also took the con troll of panama by revolutionizing against Columbia. The main reason as to why US entered the WW II was to defend the principle referred to as the non-intervention of other countrys or states affairs but many questions arose about its credibility. United States was one of the victors in WW II thus coming into a position to dominate many areas in the world and also creating conditions for efficient and effective control at home.The war brought about higher prices for all farmers, enough prosperity, higher wages, higher prosperity unlike thirties which was tended to(p) by a bent of unemployment and economic distress. The war was pressing people at home because the budget was mainly to the advantage of military operations oversea without considering the needs of people at home. For example people were affected by the test of the nuclear weapons but the leaders argued that it was non harmful (libcom. org/history 1).The aim of the country in permanent war kind of economy proved to be very big pockets for poverty. The distribution of health also remained unequal with the highest family acquiring 45 % of all the income and the lowest family getting 5% there was unequal distribution of wealth, tax advantages and income. umpteen American citizens were afraid of communism and this was oppressing those who believed in it. Many people were against the war. This is because they felt that the war was only seeking to dominate other countries.They said that it was commercial, ruthless and imperialistic. Socialist parties opposed the war arguing that it was a shame against the people of United States many opponent claim that the war was a human violence because it was a murderous kind of business. Again the opponents argued that a lot of nations money is not well utilized when it is used in wars for there are ma ny ways of cheap mediations which do not involve conflicts. Opponents felt that the war is inhuman to both countries because some of the devices used are harmful to innocent citizens (Zinn 355).Bernays ideas on social control can be used to think about Friedmans book secret histories because they both assume that propaganda can be a very effective beam of light for manipulating and shaping public opinion in the current society. Friedman has quoted how America used propaganda into fostering war against other countries. For example it lied that it was going to assist helpless countries only for the American to star dominating investing in those countries. Edwardss propaganda disagrees with skeptics who argue about low levels of illiteracy. He says that printed word played a very crucial role during the early reformation.This is because it enabled Luther in broadcasting his attack towards the traditional authorities with greater rapidity and also made it possible to co-ordinate some o f the activities of scattered followers. The printed medium embodied the subversive messages it conveyed. Numerous duplicates of cheap agitatory pamphlets reinforced the message of lay involvement much to the disadvantage and distress of catholic publicist. Edward uses the quotation of early Lutheran teachings to stress the difference between the limited vernacular literatures to lay readers before 1512 and what is currently known to the historian familiar with lathers works.Luthers views were highly publicized by catholic rebuttals. In the hidden sides of Vietnam War Friedman is trying to identify some of the truth. Friedman argues that during the Vietnam War the United States was only seeking to undermine capital of Vietnams subversion of the Saigon regime by sending Vietnamese operatives behind the enemys line. The secret to most of the Americans was that this covert operation was far from secret in Hanoi because all the commandos were either killed or captured and thereafter tu rned into communists to report false information.Using Bernays propaganda we can say that the U. S propaganda did its crinkle incorrectly. This is because the educated section of the population accepted the government Vietnam War propaganda without questions. The United States was the one attacking southern Vietnam but it claimed that it was not the one because most of the American population was against those attacks. Book Review. The book voices of a peoples history of united states by Howard Zinn talks about gives the history of the fight for human dignity.He highlights some of the most significance political acts which were perceived to be the sound of the real human voice. This book assist me in understanding the modern American history for it highlights the idea that the minimization of resistance can only be achieved through the propagation of the idea that power remains with people who have guns, who posses wealth, own newspapers and also those who own television stations. The book assists me in understanding the reason as to why there are movements to fight the lack of voice brought about by lack of power.

Lord of the Flies - Darkness of a Mans Heart Essay Example for Free

cleric of the Flies Darkness of a Mans Heart EssayOriginally published in 1954, William Goldings _Lord of the Flies_ has amaze one of the classics of contemporary literature. The novel is about a group of young boys stranded alone on an island and left to fend for themselves. In an attempt to illustration their previous world without the influence of adults, the order that had once existed soon decays and is replaced by the chaos that destroys their ordered and civilised cultures. Though fictional, _Lord of the Flies_ deals with deep moral questions of how hu mankinds are essentially barbaric in their most primitive state. Golding conveys his idea of the darkness of a mans heart successfully through effective use of allegory, symbolism, and his perception of a dystopian society._Lord of the Flies_ can be viewed as a political allegory of the Cold War. Golding served in the Royal Navy and recalling later his war experiences, he remarked that man produces evil, as a bee produ ces honey. The Cold War was a struggle between two super power ideologies Democracy and Communism, signified by Ralph and Jack respectively. airless the close of the novel, the boys are rescued by a marine commander who came ashore in his boat whilst the boys were playing savages. The irony is that after he brings the boys home, the naval commander will return to sea and engage in a far larger game of violence called war.Thus, Golding makes a point that the island is a microcosmic representation of the conflict between democracy and communism in the war. When the boys are first deserted on the island, they behave like children, alternating between enjoying their freedom and expressing profound homesickness and fear. By the end of the novel, however, they mirror the warlike behaviour of the Home Counties, attacking, torturing and murdering one another without hesitation or regret due to the insufficiency of government and order. Ralph weeps for the end of innocence and the darkn ess of a mans heart (p 248) upon reunification with the real world and realisation that evil lurks indoors all human beings. symbolic representation plays a major role in _Lord of the Flies_. Through the rich use of symbolism, Golding reveals that humans detached from societys rules allow themselves to be dominated by the evil within them. The Lord of the Flies and the Beast are two major symbols that enforce the Goldings idea of the darkness in a mans heart. They are not really personal characters, but rather the evil in every human being.Simon is the first one on the island to realise and thus makes a proposal. What I mean is possibly its precisely us. (p 111)Simon speaks these words in Chapter 5, during the meeting in which the boys discuss the existence of the beast. Although the other boys laugh off Simons suggestion that the beast may be only us, Simons words are central to Goldings point that innate human evil exists.Simons idea of the darkness of a mans heart is reinforce d in Chapter 8, when he confronts the Lord of the Flies. There isnt anyone to help you. Only me. And Im he Beast. (p 177) These words spoken by the Lord of the Flies confirm Simons speculation that perhaps the beast is only the boys themselves and acknowledges that it exists in all human beings. This is backed up further with The Lord of the Flies adoption of the boys rather colloquial language, Im the reason why its no go? (p 177) As the story progresses, the boys begin to worship the beast and make offerings to it. The appreciation for the beast is paralleled by the amount of savagery in the group. Through the use of symbolism, Golding successfully illustrates his al-Qaida of natural savagery within humans.The concept of a dystopian society can be seen clearly through _Lord of the Flies._ Golding sees moral behaviour as something that elaboration forces upon the individual rather than being a natural element. The novel implies that the instinct of savagery is far more primal and fundamental to human beings than the instinct of civilisation.The gist of a dystopian society within _Lord of the Flies_ is enhanced by Goldings rich and dark writing style.During the early chapters of the novel, the setting was depicted as almost a utopia, Ralph stood, one hand against a grey trunk, and screwed up his eyes against the shimmering water (p 14), yet however is juxtaposed with dystopian qualities, Behind this was the darkness of the forest becoming and the open space of the scar. This creates a sense offoreshadowing which eventually leads on to the corruption and deterioration of the boys civilisation. With the absence of civilisation, the boys are left to fend on their ingest with minimal resources andtherefore naturally reverting cruelty, savagery, and barbarism._Lord of the Flies_ still holds relevance to readers in this day as it addresses issues regarding the human condition and society. These issues will be as relevant nowadays as they were hundreds of years ago and will still be relevant in the future. As for allegory, the novel represents the differences in political systems, systems that are still differentiate of our lives today. If we scrape off the cover of civilisation, we are all beasts within.Through use of allegory, symbolism and a concept of dystopia, Golding conveys that the absence of a civilisation is able to reduce public to a natural state of barbarism.In conclusion, _Lord of the Flies_ thoroughly explores the darkness of a mans heart.

Co-supervision Model of Placement

Co-supervision Model of PlacementDiscussionThe aim of the study wasto explore clinicians perspectives as students of their experience of co-supervision intrust education placements. This was d integrity by exploring the challenges and benefits of the co-supervision clay sculpture as experienced as a student across locations and/or with two therapists. The emerging themes were generally synonymous with previous research in the area. The banter will provide an overview of the key themes identified, and their significance to both advance implement in clinically based education, and to enhance students experiences and learning.Clear CommunicationDue to the co-supervision copys mint of diverse communication channels amidst co-supervisors, the student, the agency, and the university, open and clear communication is key to the models effective working (Coulton and Krimmer 2004). The findings show thatcommunication is essential in enabling the co-supervision model to work well. The ev idence butts that practicing the co-supervision model of placement improves and encourages students communication skills (NHS 2007).Agreeing on clear communication lines between the student and the educator is essential in the success of practice placements (Barr et al. 2006). The current results show that communication between the student and the Educators, both formally, in supervision, and informally, was crucial in the development of the students learning. The research shows that a vital component of prospered communication was an open and unthreatening environment. This is in-line with Henderson (2006), who suggests that a supportive positive working environment created by the practice educator plays an important role in the transfer of learning to the student in a clinical context. An open environment offers the student an opportunity to make mistakes and learn from these mistakes without the fear of being reprimanded (Richardson et al. 1997). Communication between the educ ator and the student is not only essential in carrying out a split model of placement, but it is also crucial in managing the gumshoe of the node group (Clouder and Daly 2002). Open communication has been shown to nurture learning among students on clinical educational placements (Bates, Bates and Bates, 2007 Richards, Sweet and Billett, 2013 cited in Grace and O Neill 2014).PreparationThe results demonstrate that the conceptualization of both the educators and the students play an important role in the 21 model of placement. When educators failed to prepare for the arrival of their student, it resulted in the students negative experience on placement. Whereas, when educators were fully prepared for their students, students reported an overall positive experience on placement by the student. The results indicate that clinical supervisors must part with themselves sufficient preparation time to put supports in place to ensure the optimum learning of the student (Grace and O Neill 2014). Preparation for the student on placement means to allow the student the time and resources to gather information on their client group and setting, envision any obstacles they may face, and develop strategies and coping skills to manage these difficulties (Tuenissen and Westerman 2011). Evidence in the area highlights that organisational and preparation skills learned prior to placement plays an important role in the utilisation of the 21 model (Sevenhuysen 2014). In the absence of enough preparation, the student is entering a placement with an change magnitude risk of anxiety and stress (Kaneo and Keoske 2010). Poor fieldwork preparation by students results in the negative emotions of anxiety and prove which lead to poorer performance overall on placement (Gelman 2004).Increased WorkloadStudents preferred the learning opportunities of the co-supervision model at a later stage of placement. This is in line with Cahill et al. (2012) who shows that the timing of the clinic al education model is an important factor while on placement. The results stated that the co-supervision model of placement was not suitable for a students initial placement, as the student had to manage a variety of factors, which included learning styles, varied populations and locations. The co-supervision model of placement is more(prenominal) suitable at a later stage of placement, when the student has accumulated the skills to manage a fast pace environment (O Connor et al., 2012). The findings suggest that working across two sectors on a split placement had both its strengths and weaknesses. A strength of the co-supervision model across two sectors was that it allowed for the student to maximise their learning experience of different client groups and settings. The advantages of an increased workload provide the student with broader fieldwork experiences (Occupational Therapy Outreach 2004). However, the results show that a challenge of this was that the student experienced a less a structured placement, which led to a ambitious feeling of switching mindsets between client groups and locations. This is in line with Gaiptman and Forma (1991), who highlight that switching between two practice areas can cause the student thwarting and make it difficult for the student to follow through on client care plans. Further challenges identified that the co-supervision model of placement was not suitable for a short placement as it did not allow the student sufficient time to become familiar with the setting, the client group, and/or the educators.Influence of Learning StylesAn unexpected theme of the importance of the influence of learning styles on the student and educator family relationship and learning, emerged from the research. The facilitation and identification of the students different learning styles and needs allows for a professional relationship and interaction with clinical educators (Murphy et al. 2012 Kelly 2007). This was also apparent in the current study, which emphasized that differing student and educator learning styles, in some cases, proved beneficial as it made for more dynamic supervision. In agreement with these results, previous research indicates that for the student and educator to work well together they must negotiate roles and whole kit and boodle styles (Coulton and Krimmer 2005). However, the results also showed that negotiating different learning styles can also be difficult. Evidence demonstrates that in opposite cases students found it difficult to learn if their learning styles were not harmonious with that of their clinical instructor (Secomb 2008). The relationship between student and educator is a critical factor that impacts learning while on placement (Andrew and Roberts 2003). Thus, the relationship and the negotiation of learning styles of the student and educator is crucial to the success of the placement.Enhanced LearningIn line with the current research, the results show that experiencin g a co-supervision model of placement may improve clinical ability in the workplace (DeClute and Ladyshewsky 1993), as it offers the student a real-life experience of managing fast working environments and different working styles. In improver to this learning, the student experiences problem solving and treatment styles, which increases their learning opportunities (NHS 2007). The co-supervision model offers the student potential to enhance learning, and can be used throughout diverse clinical settings (Baldry, Currens and Bithell 2003). Participants stated that the co-supervision model can add value to placement when having two educators as it can provide the student with double the support and increased confidence. utilization educators acknowledged that it is of benefit to the student to learn from other Occupational Therapists and team members while on placement (Rodger 2011). Turner (2001) adds to this acknowledgement by stating that more than one assessors can also be benef icial for the staff and for the student as if offers more attentive and productive educators when they are not overburden and over-worked.Future Recommendations for death penalty of the modelThe results of the study show that more formal training of the use of the co-supervision model of placement could benefit both the supervisor and the student. This result is reflected in other research, which purports that less than half health care professionals are condent in their supervisory skills and would have more confidence in facilitating supervision if more resources were put into formal training (McMahon 2014). On-going training and support for practice educators is essential for ensuring higher standards of supervision for health care students (Plenty and Gower 2013).Participants stated that acknowledging the experience of other students who went on placement before them may be helpful as it may provide them with a knowledge base of what to expect before going on placement. Previou s research highlights that preceding students in health care disciplines represent a positive role model for the students in clinical training (Dale et al. 2013). audition other students experiences of their clinical practice provide greater understanding for the prospective student going out on placement (Shariff 2005).ConclusionThe findings from this descriptive soft study are generally consistent with previous work in co-supervision models. The results of the current study informed best practice this was carried out by focusing on three recommendations from the results. Best practice of the co-supervision model of placement can include a welcoming environment for the student to work in. Preparation on the part of the educator and the student is essential in creating a working environment that is free from anxiety. Communication is a key component is facilitating the co-supervision model of practice placement. Formal training of educators is important for establishing higher st andards of supervision for students.The result show challenging factors of co-supervision to be the students difficulty with adapting to different learning styles, multiple practice educators, settings and client groups. Whereas, the benefits of a co-supervision placement highlight the preparation for real-life situations, managing fast paced work environments and increased learning opportunities.Limitations The findings of this study are limited because the respondents were self-identifiedand not randomly selected. Snowball try does not allow for random selection.Implications for Occupational Therapy EducationThis data provides valuable information for the Occupational Therapy profession, notably clinical education placements, regarding needs and resources to adopt collaborative relationships between the student and the educator in fieldwork education.

Supply Chain Management: Boeing And Airbus

Supply Chain Management Boeing And AirbusI would like to mention a subject relating to aviation industry, especially in leasing shipcraft sector. The most important proletariat in this sector is how to order, purchase and lease back aircraft to airlines. But to implement this task, we should know in detail how the aircraft assembly process under the restrict of aircraft bring to pass is.In Vietnam, the aviation market has a great development with the air traffic increasing year by year. In order to meet the gamy demand, Vietnamese airliners fuck off to add more(prenominal) aircraft to their fleet. They not scarce purchase aircraft by itself, but also need to lease from aircraft lessors. So that, aircraft lessors have to curb airlines to develop their fleet. Beside, leasing aircraft sector is the new one in Vietnam aviation industry. With this purpose, this final paper will provide an overview of the submit twine management practices by Airbus and Boeing in their new produc ts as Airbus A350 XWB (Extra Wide Body) and Boeing B787 Dreamliners and how the both aircraft manufactures apply range process management. Understanding this process, aircraft lessors will off a suitable decision to purchase aircrafts.On this occasion, I would like to thanks my partners in Boeing Commercial Airplane and Airbus SAS for providing necessary intimate documents for reference. I also thanks my colleague in aircraft technical instalment in my company, Vietnam Aircraft Leasing Company, and technical staff from Vietnam Airlines Corporation for supporting during the data collection.2. Research Goals and Approach2.1 Goals In this final paper, I would like to provide the some overview for reason the emerging of supply chain management strategies in the commercial aviation industry. It also shows the longer-term implications of the supply chain management in the aviation industry in the future.2.2 Approach To implement a comparative analysis of supply chain management appli ed by Boeing and Airbus and their lean process management. To focus on dickens new large development chopines in commercial aviation (Boeing 787 Dreamliners and Airbus A350 XWB). To concentrate on the common set of providers supporting both programs to develop a bully compare and contrast perspective, looking at Boeing Airbus from the vantage point of these common suppliers.3. Literature reviewThe extensive literature showing that lean supply chain management practices represent a critical source of sustained competitive advantage and containing some factors as following Supplier ne t fit architecture conjugated to companys vision strategy. Early supplier integration into fig and development. Visibility and transparency through open communications. Long-term, trust-based, mutually-beneficial relationships. Continuous supplier development process improvement. New supplier network architectures represent a defining feature of emerging new business models for managing complexi ty, uncertainty and competition in a globalized market environment. Access to investment capital, new markets and new sources of innovation. Greater outsourcing, strategic alliances partnerships, delegation of greater responsibilities to suppliers to minimize risk and transaction hails. Internet-enabled study technologies and placements radically redefining supplier integration via improved information visibility and information-sharing strength gains. Machine-to-machine data communication system integration globally. Unprecedented visibility, transparency and accuracy. Greater flexibility in interconnecting different systems, facilitating both bilateral and twelve-sided collaboration.4. Research Design To develop baseline data about the individual supplier companies. To gauge whether and the ex dwell to which they are employing lean practices. To assess the extent to which the two large node companies are practicing lean principles in their engagement with the suppliers. T o document the extent to which the two large customer companies have proactively required the suppliers to adopt lean practices. To develop more deeply into specific topical areas (e.g., role in design development, information/communication links, contract design). To probe how exactly the two customer companies manage their relationships with these specific suppliers. Open source information to ensure external validity generalizability. About the two companies their supply chain management practices. About the two specific programs. About the common suppliers.5. Boeing 787 computer program5.1 Overview Launch Year in 2002 in order to responding to the overwhelming preference of airlines around the world, Boeing Commercial Airplanes new aeroplane is the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, a super- businesslike woodworking plane. An international team of top aerospace companies is developing the airplane, led by Boeing at its Everett, Washington facility near Seattle. Represents Boeings resp onse to expected demand for an aircraft that would cost less to own, operate and maintain. Targeted at the middle of the market segment the rapid, top, point-to-point connections aviation market segment, with capacity of 250 riders.Unparalleled PerformanceAt the premiere stage of the program, Boeing tent to plant 03 type of aircraft 787-3, 787-8, 787-9 but up to now, there are 02 main versions. The 787-8 Dreamliner will range 210 250 passengers on routes of 7,650 to 8,200 maritime miles (14,200 to 15,200 kilometers), while the 787-9 Dreamliner will carry 250 290 passengers on routes of 8,000 to 8, euchre nautical miles (14,800 to 15,750 kilometers).In addition to bringing big-jet ranges to mid- coat airplanes, the 787 will provide airlines with unmatched fuel efficiency, resulting in exceptional environmental exertion. The airplane will use 20 percent less fuel for comparable missions than todays similarly sized airplane. It will also travel at speeds similar to todays fast est wide bodies, Mach 0.85. Airlines will hump more cargo revenue capacity.Passengers will also see improvements with the new airplane, from an interior environment with higher humidity to increased comfort and convenience.Advanced engine roomThe delineate to this exceptional performance is a suite of new technologies being developed by Boeing and its international technology development team.50 percent of the primary winding structure including the fuselage and wing on the 787 will be made of multiform materials.An open architecture will be at the heart of the 787s systems, which will be more simplified than todays airplanes and offer increased functionality. For example, the team is looking at incorporating health-monitoring systems that will allow the airplane to self-monitor and report maintenance requirements to ground-based computer systems.General voltaic and Rolls-Royce are the two engine manufacture to develop engines for the new airplane. It is expected that advan ces in engine technology will contribute as much as 8 percent of the increased efficiency of the new airplane, representing a nearly two-generation jump in technology for the middle of the market.Another improvement in efficiency will come in the way the airplane is designed and built. New technologies and processes are in development to help Boeing and its supplier partners achieve unprecedented levels of performance at every phase of the program. For example, by manufacturing a one-piece fuselage section, we are eliminating 1,500 atomic number 13 sheets and 40,000 50,000 fasteners.Continuing ProgressThe Boeing board of directors granted authority to offer the airplane for sale in late 2003. architectural plan launch occurred in April 2004 with a record order from All-Nippon Airways. Since that time, 56 customers from six continents of the world have placed orders for 847 airplanes determine at $147 billion, making this the most successful launch of a new commercial airplane in Boeings history. The 787 program opened its final assembly constitute in Everett in May 2007. First flight of the 787 Dreamliner occurred in Dec. 2009.The program has signed on more than 40 of the worlds most capable top-tier supplier partners and unitedly finalized the airplanes configuration in September 2005. Boeing has been working with its top tier suppliers since the early expatiate design phase of the program and all are connected roughly at 135 sites around the world. Eleven partners from around the world completed facility construction for a total of three million additional square(a) feet to create their major structures and bring the next new airplane to market.5.2. SpecificationModelB787-8B787-9EngineGEnext or Rolls Royce Trent 1000GEnext or Rolls Royce Trent 1000Range7,650 to 8,200 nautical miles (14,200 to 15,200 kilometers)8,000 to 8,500 nautical miles (14,800 to 15,750 kilometers)Seat210 to 250 passengers250 to 290 passengersConfigurationTwin aisleTwin aisleCro ss Section226 inches (574 centimeters)226 inches (574 centimeters)Wing Span197 feet (60 meters)197 feet (60 meters)Length186 feet (57 meters)206 feet (63 meters)Height56 feet (17 meters)56 feet (17 meters)Cruise SpeedMach 0.85Mach 0.85Total Cargo Volume4,400 cubic feet5,400 cubic feetMax Takeoff Weight502,500 lbs (227,930 kilograms)545,000 lbs (247,208 kg)Program milestonesAuthority to offer late 2003Program launch April 2004Assembly start 2006First roll-out ceremony July 2007First flight December 2009First delivery Mid Q1/2011 (estimated)5.3. Program Fact SheetThe 787 Program covers many areas of interest, from the market, customers, and airplane technology to manufacturing enhancements and an extensive partner team, among others. Here are some interesting facts and figures on a number of these topic areasMarket size3,310 units over 20 years (Boeing Market Forecast 2009-2028)Firm orders by customer (up to October 2010 at www.boeing.com)Model SeriesOrdersDeliveriesTotalB787-8629629B 787-9218218B787 Total847847B787 vs. B777 on composites and aluminum (by weight)B787B77750 % composites12 % composites20 % aluminum50 % aluminumMaterial breakout on B787Composites 50%Aluminum 20%Titanium 15% nerve 10%Other 5%Better designe More fuel efficient 20 % more fuel efficient than similarly sized airplanes Produces fewer emissions 20 % fewer than similarly sized airplanes Better kind seat mile costs than peer airplanes 10 % Better maintenance costs 30%Generators quadruplet at 250 kVA (two per engine)Two at 225 kVA (on auxiliary power unit)Hydraulic powerDistributed at 5,000 pounds per square inch on the 787 3,000 pounds per square inch standard profit of the new electric architecture Extracts as much as 35 percent less power from the engines than traditional pneumatic systems on todays airplanes.US and non-US matter on the 787 Roughly 70 percent US Roughly 30 percent non-US.The number of new city pairs the 787 will connect At to the lowest degree 450Other special features Represents large step towards all-electric-airplane, one in which all systems are run by electricity. Driven by the belief that power electronics, key to the all-electric airplane, are on a steep curve of performance cost improvement, while pneumatic systems maturement has tapped out around 1995. The traditional bleed air and hydraulic power are replaced with electrically powered compressors and pumps. Cabin pressurized by electric motors, not by bleed air used by almost every pressurized aircraft. An open architecture centralized computer hosts the avionics and utility functions, rather than dozens of individual buses. Anti-icing of the wing to be done with electric heat sooner of bleed air. Composites resist long-term wear and tear, because cracks do not propagate from holes as in aluminum inspections are made easier maintenance intervals stretched to 1000 hrs (compared with 500 hrs for 767 or 700 hrs for A330 the two most prominent aircraft 787 aims to replace). Much more s avvy focus on flexible financing arrangements, plus closer attention to passenger comfort, fuel burn and life cycle costs.6. Airbus A350 XWB Program6.1. OverviewAimed at compete with B787 from Boeing, Airbus has decided to build A350 XWB based on the technologies developed for A380. The Airbus A350 XWB is a long-range, mid-size, wide-body family of airliners presently under development by European aircraft manufacturer Airbus. The A350 will be the first Airbus with both fuselage and wing structures made primarily of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer. The A350 is designed to compete with the Boeing 777 and the Boeing 787. Airbus claims that it will be more fuel-efficient, with up to 8% lower operating cost than the Boeing 787. It is scheduled to enter into airline service during the second half of 2013. The launch customer for the Airbus A350 is Qatar Airways. Development costs are projected to be US$15 billion.Airbus utilises next-generation manufacturing and assembly techniques to make the A350 XWB a more efficient and reliable aircraft. The A350 XWB is furnished with an advanced cockpit and onboard systems optimised for robustness and simplicity, while its advanced wing design makes this aircraft faster and quieter.The A350 XWBs onboard systems are designed for maximum reliability, operability and simplicity.The advanced wing design of the A350 XWB will make it a faster, quieter and more efficient aircraft.Airbus utilises new techniques to optimise the A350 XWBs weight, maintenance and operating costs.The A350 XWBs cockpit features the latest in display technology and integrated modular avionics.6.2. SpecificationAircraft Dimensions boilers suit length198 ft.7.5 in.219 ft. 5.5 in.242 ft. 4.7 in.Height55 ft. 11.3 in.55 ft. 11.3 in.55 ft. 11.3 in.Fuselage diameter19 ft. 58 in. (horiz)19 ft. 58 in. (horiz)19 ft. 6 in. (horiz)Wingspan (geometric)212 ft. 5 in.212 ft. 5 in.212 ft. 5 in.Wing area (reference)4,740 ft24,767 ft24,767 ft2Wing sweep (25% chord)31.9 deg rees31.9 degrees31.9 degreesWheelbase81 ft. 7 in.94 ft. 1 in.108 ft. 7 in.Wheel track34 ft. 9 in.34 ft. 9 in.35 ft. 2 in.Basic Operation DataEngines2 Rolls-Royce Trent XWB2 Rolls-Royce Trent XWB2 Rolls-Royce Trent XWBEngine thrust range75,000 lb. slst.84,000 lb. slst.93,000 lb. slst.Typical passenger sit down270 (3-class)314 (3-class)350 (3-class)Range (w/max. passengers)8,300 nm.8,100 nm.8,000 nm.Max. operating Mach number (Mmo)0.89 Mo.0.89 Mo.0.89 Mo.Design WeightsMaximum ramp weight548.7 lbs. x 1000592.8 lbs. x 1000659.0 lbs. x 1000Maximum fraudulence weight546.7 lbs. x 1000590.8 lbs. x 1000657.0 lbs. x 1000Maximum landing weight407.9 lbs. x 1000451.9 lbs. x 1000503.8 lbs. x 1000Maximum zero fuel weight382.5 lbs. x 1000423.3 lbs. x 1000470.6 lbs. x 1000Maximum fuel capacity34,082 US gal.36,460 US gal.41,215 US gal.Some Design Technical Features Cockpit design follows same cockpit layout, characteristics and operating procedures as in the A320 and A330/A340 platforms, providing a number of advantages (e.g., in terms of bunch training, crew transition, cross-crew qualification). Also incorporates new features that benefit from innovation in technologies for displays, flight management navigation systems. First commercial airplane to adopt EHAs (electrohydrostatic actuators) flight control technologies, a step forward to the all-electric airplane. EHAs are electrically powered but use hydraulic pumps and reservoirs that transform electrical power into hydraulic power. Advantages large nest egg in terms of weight and space (e.g., reduction in the size of pipelines, actuators and other components, power generation equipment, tubing, amount of fluid required), as well as ease of installation. First commercial aircraft capable of flying with total hydraulic failure, using electricity to operate the flight control surfaces. Extensive use of composite materials 25% (by weight), compared with 10% in A320 and 30% in A340-500/600. Use of carbon composites and ad vanced metallic hybrid materials, along with laser beam welding to decease fasteners, press weight and provide enhanced fatigue tolerance. spot highly resistant to fatigue, used in construction of panels for upper fuselage. Aluminum and fiberglass layers of Glare do not allow propagation of cracks. Glare lighter than conventional materials represents a weight saving of about 500kg.6.3. Fact SheetFirm orders by customer (up to October 2010 at www.airbus.com)Model SeriesOrdersDeliveriesTotalA350-800158158A350-900340340A350-10007575A350 Total573573A350 vs. B787 on material breakout (by weight)A350B787Composites 53%Composites 50%Aluminum 19%Aluminum 20%Titanium 14%Titanium 15%Steel 6%Steel 10%Other 8%Other 5%Airbus internal goal to freeze the design and expects10% lower airframe maintenance cost14% lower empty seat weight than competing aircraftMore fuel efficient Up to 25 % more fuel efficient than similarly sized airplanesProduces fewer emissions Up to 25% fewer than similarly siz ed airplanesBetter cash seat mile costs than peer airplanes 15%7. Supply Chain Management Practices by Airbus and Boeing Supplier selection on both programs following a typical competitive bid process during initial plateau phase selection on best-value basis. Boeing retains unified list of pre-qualified suppliers/ venders (qualified parts list QPL qualified vendor list QVL). Airbus does not yet maintain such a unified list, but moving in same direction. Both have major suppliers go in early in design and development process. Both committed to long-term, mutually-beneficial, reliable and stable relationships with key suppliers. Supplier partnerships typically limited to suppliers that continuously show probity in performance, demonstrate credible long-term business interest, and back it up with their own development and investment. Life-of-program fixed-cost contracts, but with some differences. Electronic links with suppliers via supplier portals (request for summon/proposal o rder placement technical data interchange, such as technical specifications, key characteristics, engineering drawings exchanging documents facilitating virtual collaboration with global partnering suppliers in a 3D design software environment). RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) initiatives Both Boeing and Airbus have expanded the application of RFID tags for both the B787 and A350 programs they have worked together to reach for consensus regarding standards for using global RFID technology on commercial airplanes).8. Major suppliers responsibility is greater Important strategic shifts in supply chain management, driven by pressing need to reduce cost and spread development costs. Both have asked major suppliers in B787 and A350 to absorb non-recurring costs, thus greatly shifting costs and risks to suppliers, but using passably different approaches. Suppliers delegated much more responsibility for design, development and manufacturing through closer collaboration, partnerships and integration across supplier networks.Boeing 787 Boeing has gone the extra distance with the 787 program retains only about 33%-35% of the total 787 work share Deliberate effort to reduce parts count to enable snap three-day assembly of the 787 Suppliers moving up the value chain assuming more of a system integrator role, providing more integrated components and managing their own sub-tier suppliers This is the first time Boeing has outsourced the entire wing design and manufacturing to external suppliers (risk-sharing partners Fuji Heavy Industries, Ltd. center wing box Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. main wing fixed trailing edge Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. wing box) This is the first time Boeing applied lean manufacturing process in B787 program to improve absence management while merging its short and long-term disability program administration with leave-of-absence offering.Airbus A350 Airbus, as a multinational consortium prior to July 2001, had already adopted a s trategic partnership model with well-defined work-share arrangements. Airbus has increased its outsourcing in the A350 program, but has still kept in-house core technologies, such as composite technology and wing design. Airbus also applied lean process technique by getting advice from Porsche (a German car manufacture) in order to reduce production time and avoid delay as happened in A380 program.9. Worldwide OutsourcingBoth Airbus and Boeing have increased their global outsourcing in Japan, China, India, Middle East, Eastern Europe and Russia (estimated in the future). Why the two aircraft manufacture select these region because of the strong economic growth as well as fast-growing air travel particularly in Asia/Pacific region. Large Asian and Middle Eastern carriers as capital of Singapore Airlines, Emirates, Vietnam Airlines now are the major customers. The variety of offset arrangements have opened up new market opportunities, tied to increased sourcing (e.g., from China).Boei ng strategy long extraordinary dominance in Japanese market strong presence in China. In Japan 80% of orders from Japanese airlines from Boeing during last decade Japanese suppliers (heavies) compute for 35% of 787 work-shares. In China activities range from subcontracting, joint ventures, technical training and assistance for cooperative programs visible support from Chinese suppliers (valued at $1.6 billion), supplying necessary composite parts and structures for 787 programs.Airbus strategy relative newcomer to Japan China. In Japan facing difficulties in winning orders from Japanese airlines, but has contracted work with Japanese suppliers. In China sale activities in China jumped to 219 aircraft in 2005 from 56, overtaking Boeing by delivering 6 more aircraft committed to doubling procurement from Chinese suppliers to $120 million/year by 2010 announced Tianjin will be site for Airbus first final assembly plant outside Europe.10. The Emerging incomparable ModelBoeing Mode lThe Boeing 787 experience represents a unique model for the future in supply chain management. In essence, the Boeing model is about optimizing the total business, not just the supply chain in the traditional sense. Supply chain architecture as an integral part of the entire program extended opening architecture. Main emphasis is on optimizing portfolio of core competencies in entire value stream for mutual benefit. Lifecycle value creation perspective, not short-term waste excreting or cost minimization for Boeing itself. Boeing has adopted a bold new innovative system integrator role. This represents a revolutionary departure from the past. Boeing has asked all suppliers to carry all of the non-recurring costs in return, gives back to risk-sharing partnering suppliers the intellectual property rights on the components or systems they provide. Contracts are so designed that if the aircraft does well in the marketplace, the risk-sharing partners derive direct benefits and major p artnering suppliers can make design trades within each work package and across company units to find optimal system solutions. Lower-tier suppliers are not provided IP ownership but are given long-term relationships, where they can benefit from scale economies. Boeing only provides high-level interface definition the first-tier (major partnering suppliers) is responsible for the detailed interface definitions designs. Suppliers work together and Boeing acts as referee in case of conflicts. Web-enabled information technologies systems a critical enabler.Airbus model Airbus is reported to have established risk-sharing partnerships with more than 30 of its major suppliers covering $3.1 billion or 25% of total program non-recurring costs. These suppliers include Alenia, Eurocopter, Fokker, Gamesa, Labinal, Saab). However, this needs closer scrutiny, to see what it actually means. Airbus also continues to achievement control over all system and detail engineering interface definitions . Airbus suppliers work in parallel (bilaterally with Airbus), with limited lateral communications among them. Unlike Boeing, Airbus has no strong partners for major risk-sharing activities or as contributors to development spending. However, Airbus is currently pursuing new partnering arrangements under its Airbus Power competitiveness Industrial Plan. Plan proposes radical cost-cutting systematization measures (cutting 10,000 jobs, closing down or selling specific sites, rearranging workshare allocation). Investment partners being sought for the Extended Enterprise sites (Nordenham, Germany Meaulte, France Filton, UK). As part of the plan, supplier relationships would also change (Airbus wants partners to commit to long-term cost reductions). Airbus also reducing its supplier base from 3,000 down to 5,000.11. ConclusionAerospace supply chain management will continue to arise from a transactional or relational business model to one involving risk-sharing and cost-sharing prime-su pplier partnerships, alliances closely-knit collaborative relationships. Where primes (system-integrators) will likely to move closer to a total system integrator lifecycle value provider role. Major suppliers to assume greater system-integrator role, with greater responsibility for design, development, manufacturing, and after-market lifecycle support. Suppliers, in general, moving from short-term service providers to long-term partners. Global outsourcing considered as aerospace supply chains and is likely to be a lot more quite internationalized in the future. Adoption of information technologies enabling network-wide connectivity right down to lower tiers an exacting in the future for coordinating complex set of interdependencies. Continued consolidation likely in aerospace supplier base to build greater specialization broader system integration skills, and stronger financial backbone to make the necessary investments to enhance core capabilities.

The Traveller Gypsies Book Review English Language Essay

The Traveller Gypsies Book Review English Language EssayJudith Oakley is a social anthropologist who has spent a carve up of her biography researching into many aspects of native life forms one of the most popular pieces of work was her work conducted around Traveller-Gypsies. Oakley wrote her watchword gipsy-Travellers and published it in 1983 it represents the everyday life of itinerant-Travellers and their struggle under the domination of a bigger society. The study conducted by Oakley occurred in the 1960s around England and understandings of Gypsy-Travellers throughout history have provided us with the political orientation that they have al tracks been vagrant state travelling freely. However, in this book, Oakley noned how Gypsy-Travellers living in Britain in the 1960s had to deal with numerous laws imposed by goernments that would restrict their mobility and vanquish them from their true identity. Oakley is in constant teaching mode, and is al tracks on the lookout f or something new to write about the Gypsy-Travellers, something that was unknown to the public. maven bother that has always affected the studies of Gypsies would be the definition of what a gypsy actually is while some believe it to be thought of in terms of honor of blood, others would regard it as social population, sort of than an ethnic marvel, which should be such dealt with using social manners. One definition of a Gypsy would be One inclined to a nomadic, unconventional way of life. (TheFreeDictionary, 2012). These people are the Gypsies that Okelys book refers to, and her outlook in regards to their identity underlies much of her approach to the subject it is a third estate theme throughout the book, and one is left realising, that the beginning never presents a clear definition of what aGypsyactually is, how the meaning of the word has changed over time, with new laws and regulations world put in place and holding these people fend for, and how they are seen in toda ys society. While this seems to be the main weakness of the text, Oakley does include how Gypsies racy and take the stands how Gorgios are perceived and acted upon and against, including how Gypsies compare themselves to Gorgios within the community.Oakleys text starts by her introducing herself and what she was doing at the time she wrote the book, using things she learned from other people for example, she found that to some people pierced ears were the only way to get to heaven, which was further believed to improve vision for Traveller-Gypsies, as she found out when questioning some of the people she lived with. Oakley practises numerous lists to envision which people helpered her make her book happen thanking many people on the way, listing who gave her advice, who proof-read the book and who composed the final drafts to s repeal off for publishing. She thanks the newspapers for allowing her to use their content as a regard to keep anonymity between those she was living wi th. Finally, she thanks the Traveller-Gypsies she was living with for being her guides and providing her with friendship and laughter. This all adds up to show how much she appreciates the work of other people when trying to get her own work together it shows she has faith in the team of people she worked with and how she would trust them to help make her work successful.The table of contents seems to show the author as writing the book chronologically from writing about what was historically believed, to self-ascribing themselves to be a Traveller-Gypsy. It finalises by listing how Gypsies travel, in what and with whom before writing about relationships and defining the occasion of the traveller women. Additionally, it lists terms Oakley used, which she came across when in the company of the traveller-gypsies, at the end of the book for subscribers ease of understanding their language. In personal opinion, chronologically ordering the table of contents seems to be a practical for m of organisation as it shows how things have progressed throughout time, including any historical changes through research and the development of greater understandings. Furthermore, it allows for the reader to have a greater impression of how the people in the text live, what their means of transport is and how it has changed, and why these people live in the way that they do (be it economic reasons or political).Oakleys study is divided into twelve chapters and a conclusion, which appears to be written in a well-structured way. The first chapter addresses the history of Gypsy studies and invites popular misconceptions to be looked upon in a formal manner this continues to be looked into in chapter two. Chapter three shows an insight into how Oakley planned to conduct her research and includes material that was proven to be valuable at the time of her study. Next, chapter four narrates the place of the British Gypsy within the economic system and includes non-Gypsy alliances with work contracts. Identity issues are further raised in chapter five, where self-ascription is discussed in detail. Chapter six entails dealings with maintenance of the boundaries between Gypsy and non-Gypsy, or Gorgio this same chapter also deals with the concept of things considered as ritually impure, which would usually be associated with Gorgios and their way of life further looked upon in chapter eleven. Chapter seven offers realistic pictures of the attitudes presented to Gypsies, including their way of life and means of livelihood, from Gorgios further, it shows the ways Gorgios deal with providing the populations accommodation. Chapter eight shows Oakley dealing with both the reality and myth of Gypsies as Traveller kind, and blots out from the start that Gypsies do not travel about aimlessly, as either the romantics or the anti-Gypsy suggest (p. 125). Chapters nine and ten show how marriage, kinship, husband-wife relationships and children are dealt with, including how a m arriage is chosen and why. The eleventh chapter had explored the role of women in a British Romany society and includes a detailed discussion of the differences between Gypsy and Gorgio women, including stereotypes. The final chapter, chapter twelve, deals with death, superstition and religion however, these are not discussed in great depth further analysis of these would have allowed the reader a greater understanding when looking into how these things affect a Gypsies lifestyle.In her last remarks, Oakley notes how she can not necessarily conclude her chapter as she did not initially make a hypothesis. She relates to how gypsies are seen as trouble as they are kinds who renounce to settle and work for a living, unlike those who are already inhabited in an area do they refuse to be pay off proletarianised within the community. It also states how although they travel, Traveller-Gypsies do give a community something they could not otherwise get without their aid, whether that is p ositive for the community or negative. Further, she states how differentiating between gypsy and Gorgio is not always easy, but the gypsy culture has not always been accepted, as it may be led to be believed. The study was also a way to measure how gypsies deal with the way society treats them by shunning them it records the responses and retaliations of Traveller-Gypsies. A lot of gypsies would refuse Gorgio access to their lives, yet it is needed in order for them to gain a good parent and understanding of what they do without this they would be continually forced out of societies and would never have the possibility of being accepted into particular societies. The concluding remarks in this book encloses a statement which seems to be of importance Outsiders have projected onto Gypsies their own repressed fantasies and longings for disorder . . . this study has confronted such fantasies (1983, p.232).From what has been read in her book, Oakley uses herself as the fabricator of t he text, she writes about what she found as and when it happened using any information she received and where it originated from. Additionally, the text written in the book has historical facts about the Traveller-Gypsies and how they have accrue to be the people they are yet Oakley not only includes personal opinions on the matters, but personal experiences she has lived through whilst living within the Gypsy community. This gives the reader an understanding of what was happening at the time of the study as they are able to empathise, not only with Oakley, but with the Traveller-Gypsies as they dealt with any struggles they faced. Oakley uses present filter within her writing with phrases such as it is presumed (p. 52) rather than the past tense it was this gives the reader to believe the books authenticity as it allows for both periods of time and shows comparisons between the two. In regards to the writing style, it would most likely be suited for collegial or university studen ts, or in particular those more advanced in this field of study, as the writing seems formal yet it contains academic information that may prove a challenge to those looking onto the subject from a less-educated point of view. For example, the way move of the text have been written in some parts, Oakley has referred to previous studies, a lot of them her own work, which may be identified as confusing for a student at any lower level of education, as they may be unable to understand parts of the text through the amount of referencing that is place.The author has a distinctive personal style, it is formal, yet informal Oakley uses evidence in her statements then puts up an opinionated argument against what she says, which additionally helps the reader understand what is being give tongue to. With her interpreting the gypsy lifestyle, Oakley tends to use their jargon in her work, for example, using Gorgios to show a non-gypsy person in the gypsy life, of which are defined and listed in the back of the book. Any accounts that are included in the book are based on personal visits to the community, therefore there may be misinterpretations within what has been said as a communication breakdown may have occurred further, Oakley may be using bias information when trying to put a point across as there were no other researchers to object to her motives. This doesnt help with the fact that she may not be putting up a presumptive argument, which seems to be one of the main disapprovals against this text with their only being Oakley to refer to. However, with this being said, her text does include references to previous works from both herself and other former anthropologists in which she has used to back up some of her sources.Her studied natives were collectively anonymous in her work however, she does use some forms of individuality. She uses one person rather than names as the people wishes to remain anonymous, which she accepted phrases of which the people would want to be called are used, i.e. one traveller said, rather than a person told me. It does come across as the travellers she was living with have their own voice in the ethnography she introduces them before using their quotes, giving the reader a smell of fictional character however, found in the notes are individual names of the Travellers she lives with and what wise words they gave her to help her live within the community once she was accepted. This gives a greater sense of character for the individuals as although they were not specifically named in the text, they did have an involvement at the end of the book.Overall Oakley had provided a positive piece of text, with the main criticism being that her argument was not necessarily defined her own personal meaning of what a Traveller-Gypsy was had never been noted thus it was unable to be pass in todays society as definitions have further changed since her period of study. Suitably, this text is informative and gives vital in formation upon how Traveller-Gypsies used to live previous to any laws and regulations tenia them performing certain tasks within a community.Word Count 2,006

Shakespeares Hamlet - Comparison of Gertrude and Ophelia Essay

Hamlet -- Comparison of Gertrude and Ophelia Gertrude and Ophelia occupy the leading roles for females in the Shakespe arean drama Hamlet. As women they share many things in common attitudes from others, shallow or simple minds and outlooks, etc. This essay will delve into what they have in common. The protagonists negative attitude toward two women is an obvious starting point. bath Dover Wilson explains in What Happens in Hamlet how the prince holds both of the women in disgust The difficulty is not that, having once loved Ophelia, Hamlet ceases to do so. This is explained, as to the highest degree critics have agreed, by his mothers conduct which has put him quite out of love with Love and has poisoned his whole imagination. The exclamation Frailty thy name is charr in the first soliloquy, we come to feel later, embraces Ophelia as well as Gertrude, while in the bedroom scene he as good as taxes his mother with destroying his capacity for affection, when he accuses her of such an act That blurs the grace and blush of modesty, Calls virtue hypocrite, takes off the rose From the fir forehead of an innocent love And sets a blister there. Moreover, it is clear that in the tirades of the nunnery scene he is thinking almost as much of his mother as of Ophelia. (101) Other critics agree that both women are recipients of Hamlets ill-will. In the Introduction to Twentieth Century Interpretations of Hamlet, David Bevington enlightens the reader regarding the similarities between Gertrude and Ophelia as the hero sees them Yet to Hamlet, Ophelia is no better than another Gertrude both are tender of heart but submissive to the will of importunate men, and so are forced into uncharacteristic vi... ... An Approach to Hamlet. Twentieth Century Interpretations of Hamlet. Ed. David Bevington. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968. Rpt. from An Approach to Hamlet. Stanford, CT Stanford University Press, 1961. Pennington, Michael. Ophelia Madness Her Only Saf e Haven. Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from Hamlet A Users Guide. New York Limelight Editions, 1996. Pitt, Angela. Women in Shakespeares Tragedies. Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. Excerpted from Shakespeares Women. N.p. n.p., 1981. Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http//www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html Wilson, John Dover. What Happens in Hamlet. New York Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Measuring Customer Service at American Express :: essays research papers

Measuring customer Satisfaction at American ExpressAmerican Express is a world full travel related service company. American Express works with both consumers and business with their financial planning as well as offers numerous amounts of assurance card harvest-times and travel assistance. They have many products and services that atomic number 18 used throughout the world by consumers and businesses. As American Express moves towards the future, like nearly credit card companies, they want to be competitive and responsive to the needs of the consumer. American Express sends out customer service surveys to the card members that call in to the rally service center. The surveys are sent out randomly with a coding on the bottom of the survey so that the results and comments are given bet on to the correct employee. The employees are aware that any card member that they speak to could receive a survey. With this said, each employee goes through extensive training on the telepho ne behaviors that must be demonstrated while speaking to card members. The employees also go through extensive training on the policies and procedures that each card product and service has. This training is to ensure that each card member is handled with the most utmost professional behavior and their issues are handled correctly. Once the surveys are returned to the company, they are returned to the Customer Satisfaction Action Team. This team reviews the surveys, separates them by employee and then by the results.. The results are separated by Excellent and Very Good and then Fair and misfortunate marks. The card members that score a Fair or Poor mark on the survey is called back by one of the team members and the issue is discussed foster to find out why the survey was marked that way. The comments that the card members make on the surveys are returned to the employees team leaders. The team leader gives the feedback to the employee and discusses with them their best practices or opportunities that need to be worked on. This tool is an excellent way to get in touch with our card members and to see how they feel the company is doing and what they feel is going unspoiled and what needs to be worked on. By doing this the company can take this information and better the customer satisfaction by either up training of employees are reviewing and possibly changing the policies or procedures.