Alberto Ginastera

Alberto Ginastera was an Argentinean music author conceived in 1916 to an Italian mother and Catalian father in Buenos Aires and passed on in 1983. He is an unbelievable traditional music arranger in the Latin America whose creative abilities can't be coordinated with that of different specialists of his time.He is known for setting up a move and music studio at Buenos Aires and shaping an association, the International Society for Contemporary music where he turned into its secretary general. He is likewise attributed for his capacity to coordinate current music creating strategies into the old Argentinean people music. This exploration paper is going to explicitly concentrate on the life of Ginastera and will inside and out examine about his vocation accomplishments and why he is popular.Ginastera built up his enthusiasm for music at a serious young age and accomplished a lot while he was as yet a youngster for instance, he entered the studio when he was twelve yet this was not wit hout some impact from different craftsmen, for example, Schoenberg, Bartok and Stravinsky (Sadie 231).He made huge imaginative work that was fit for making him a champ of different honors, for example, the Argentine School Song Award, three metropolitan prizes, National Fund for the Arts Annual Award, Bicentennial Cinzano Award and the three city prizes. He made all classes out of music be it shows, symphony, violin concerto, piano work, ensemble works among others something that made him a genuine delegate of Argentinean melodic nationalism.In 1941, Ginastera had the option to make sure about himself an occupation in Buenos Aires at the National Conservatory and the Liceo Militar. In 1942 he got assets to go to the United States from Guggenheim partnership however his arrangement was blocked continuously World War yet in any case, he had the option to deliver a ton of extraordinary works like the Twelve American Preludes which was played in 1944 and another which was a devotion to every one of the individuals who died in the battle for opportunity considered Elegiac Symphony that was played in 1944 (Way, Joseph).In 1945, he went into governmental issues and along with other Argentine educated people marked a proclamation planned for ensuring human rights and popularity based standards but since of his contribution in hostile to one party rule legislative issues, he was terminated as the conservatory’s chief in 1952.After Peron system was ousted in 1955, he was restored as the executive yet surrendered in 1958 to turn into a chief of the Catholic University’s Facultad de Ciencias y Artes Musicale something that helped him to return to the United States where he played out his second group of four out of 1958 (Sadie 228)One of his attempts to go to the open area was known as the score for the expressive dance Panambi which was led by Juan Jose Castro and was a five development instrumental suite that was first presented in Buenos Aires on 27th Nov ember 1937. The second generally perceived and an honor prize winning (Association Wagneriana) bit of work was the expressive dance with movement delivered in 1940s (Sadie 228).In this bit of work, Ginastera attempted to blend his crude musicality with current innovation something that soar his unmistakable quality some time before he would graduate yet the one that gave him a worldwide acknowledgment was the primary Quartet which was played in Frankfurt’s International Society for Contemporary Music and the 1958’s exceptional work as a German pundit named it entitled the Second String Quartet that was acted in Washington DC by Juilliard Quartet (Sadie 227-229).According to Elena Dabul, he grouped his old style music into three classes that were dictated by the utilization of the music he formed. The three classifications were; Objective patriotism which was a period somewhere in the range of 1934 and 1948 where he managed music concerning Argentinean societies and del ivered works like the 1941’s wheat move, the land laborers and expressive dance Estancia which was about Cattle ranch’s life. In making Estancia moves, Gisele Ben-Dor favored the misgivings communicated in Ginastera’s Panambi suites to Andrei Borejko’s Largo Label.Her exhibitions were diverse fro that of other artiste as they would most recent brief longer. The other class was Subjective patriotism which began from 1948 to1958 where he isolates himself from conventional mainstream components and took no progressive moves or position. It is during this period that he delivered his showstopper, the principal String Quartet where he would utilize rhythms to make society like songs.The third and last class is the Neo-expressionism that is from 1958 as far as possible to1983 where he performed works like the second String Quartet which was done in 1958, the 1961’s Concerto for Piano and Orchestra, dramas, Don Rodrigo and Bomarzo shows of 1967 (Composito res and Interpretes).Ginastera in a meeting in 1962 alluded himself as a moderate arranger since he would set aside very some effort to consider his music before he would form it, a period he alluded to as growth and the one as indicated by him the second which was the most difficult is the point at which it came to make an interpretation of the scholarly thoughts into something unmistakable which he compared to a labor. Lamentably, not all music that he formed was discharged to general society for instance the Duke of Bormazo as a result of its provocative nature was banned.The Argentinean president prohibited the show on grounds that it depicted sexual fixation in any case, the drama was duplicated in 1968 in New York. As opposed to the desires for some, a similar work would make him a worldwide figure for instance the show Bormarzo (Sadie 229).Alberto Ginastera an Argentinean music author was a conspicuous figure in his days and had the option to have music with an effect somethi ng that made him to be known universally. He made music out of all kinds along these lines turning into a delegate of Argentinean music patriotism. Despite the fact that his music moved with times, not the entirety of his accounts were made open as some were viewed as outrageous and unfit for people in general. A portion of his show-stopper incorporates the Bomarzo dramas, the Piano concertos and the First and the second string quartet.Works cited:Elena Dabul. Alberto Ginastero. Gotten to at  â â â â â â http://members.tripod.com/~ostinato/ginas.htmlCompositores and Interpretes. Alberto Ginastero. 2004. Gotten to from http://www.ciweb.com.ar/Ginastera/index2.phpSadie, Stanley Ed. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. seventh Edition,  Macmillan Publishers Limited.1980.Way, Joseph. Alberto Ginastero (1916-1983). Sierra Chamber Society Program Notes. 2000. Accessible at http://www.fuguemasters.com/ginaster.htmlâ

Why Search For the Best Term Papers?

Why Search For the Best Term Papers?Searching for the best term papers is a difficult task. It is mostly a hectic time when you are trying to find a suitable term paper because of the large number of paper publications available in the market.Term papers are generally written for a particular purpose. When you are looking for term papers you should take into consideration what your purpose is before choosing the one you wish to choose. For example, if you want to write a business plan for the academic year in college, you would not want to select a business term paper that is written for the past four years.You should do some research and study before choosing the best term papers for your needs. It is also advisable to choose papers that are in line with your goal or if possible, your direction for completing the term papers. For example, if you are going to write a literary essay, choose a term paper that you have chosen as a topic for your thesis.While choosing the best term paper s, you should also consider the types of content you want to write. If you are going to write on a certain topic in your paper, do not just stick to the topic. Always try to look for a general idea about the topic that you are writing. Remember that your paper must focus on the topic so if you find a general idea, this will help you in coming up with good material.The best term papers are those that not only tell the students how to perform but also the benefits of the subject matter. Many teachers encourage their students to discuss the topics presented in the papers. They encourage their students to share their opinions about the topics and should encourage discussion to allow them to express their ideas.A discussion about the topic in the paper is also important as it helps students to come up with a conclusion about the topic presented in the paper. The better they feel about the topic, the easier it will be for them to create a paper with good content. Thus, when selecting the best term papers, make sure that you provide more information to your students in the paper so that they can find it easier to understand.Usually, students do not provide enough information in the paper as there are many other students who are also looking for the best term papers for their paper. Since this is the reason why the writers feel that the paper is lacking, you should provide enough information in the paper so that your students do not have a hard time coming up with the same and creating the same subject. Keep in mind that if the paper is too short, the students will find it difficult to work and the topic will not be discussed at all.Lastly, when it comes to the writing of the paper, ensure that you write in a way that readers will find easy to read and understand. Make sure that your readers will enjoy reading your papers. Always remember that your papers should present what you have to say and that it should also provide benefits of your topic to readers.

Typography and Clarendon Free Essays

Clarendon is an old style textual style that was planned by Robert Besley. In 1842, Besley entered the plan under Britain’s Ornamental Designs Act. It was than discharged in the year 1845 for the Fann Street Foundry in England. We will compose a custom paper test on Typography and Clarendon or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Clarendon was named after the Clarendon Press in Oxford. It is recognized as the main major recorded English piece serif typeface, in light of the fact that Besley took a stab at attempting to patent the typeface. The textual style licenses around that time simply kept going as long as three years, when it turned out to be incredibly popular and a great deal of foundries replicated it. In 1935, the Monotype foundry reconsidered Clarendon typeface. The primary layouts and significant hits for Clarendon remained at Stephenson Blake and market and afterward a while later established at the Type Museum in London. In 1953, Hermann Eidenbenz dominated and adjusted it. Today Clarendon has ten text style names that you can utilize, for example, Clarendon Black, Clarendon Bold, Clarendon Extra Bold, Clarendon Bold Condensed, Clarendon Condensed, Clarendon Heavy, Clarendon Light, Clarendon Medium, Clarendon Regular, and Clarendon Roman. They consider it a chunk serif since it makes them section and some differentiation in size. Clarendon was one of the last century typography to be created. Clarendon is likewise a metal kind and a well known wood type. It stresses message by being the essential structure to be connected striking. For instance of this it accentuates, â€Å"WANTED† in the old west signs. Clarendon tagged along ways over the previous years now a few logotypes that are perceived in the United States of America utilizes this textual style. In 1973, the Sony logo was made and is utilized in Clarendon Bold Expanded. The national parks signs that are realized overall are Clarendon textual style. Likewise People Magazine logo, Ruby Tuesday logo, Starbucks logo, etc utilize the text style Clarendon. Work Cited â€Å"Typedia. † : Clarendon. Media Temple, 2006-2012. Web. 24 Oct. 2012. http://typedia. com/investigate/typeface/clarendon/. â€Å"Know Your Type: Clarendon. † Idsgn: A Design Blog. N. p. , 21 Aug. 2009. Web. 24 Oct. 2012. http://idsgn. organization/posts/know-yourtypeclarendon/#comments. SONY logo Clarendon being used: People magazine logo, US National Parks signage, Ruby Tuesday logo, Starbucks Chocolate logo, Pitchfork logo, Tonka logo, U2 collection spread, Riki Watanabe clock, Wells Fargo logo The most effective method to refer to Typography and Clarendon, Essay models

Homosexuality and Single-Sex Schools

Unfortunately, for many American students, insults and accusations are part of everyday life. All to often, students, as young as elementary school, are faced with criticism and judgment from their peers, and despite great efforts by many, there are still people in our country who are not the diverse, tolerant people wed like to surround ourselves with on a daily basis. This unfortunate truth means that some students look elsewhere to find supportive and welcoming environments for their middle and high school educations. This is where private school comes into play, as many private schools embrace the many facets of diversity that exist within students, creating vibrant communities unlike what most high school students embrace. However, there is debate among many about the role of single-sex schools when it comes to homosexuality. While some believe that schools that cater to just one gender provide a supportive place for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) students, others believe that these schools  have a hidden side effect: they promote homosexuality. Scientific Studies Surprisingly, there are few scientific studies available to provide conclusive evidence, but no limit to personal opinions. The debate topics include whether or not single-sex schools promote gender stereotypes, if homosexuality is learned or genetic and, particularly, how single-sex schools may impact students if it homosexuality is, in fact, learned. Debate.com has a page dedicated to whether or not single-sex schools promote homosexuality. The outcome of those who have contributed to date shows a majority of debaters (59 percent) feel that single-sex schools do not promote homosexuality. Many single-sex school graduates claim that their experiences, be it high school or even college, were empowering and helped them grow as individuals. Others agree, but say that they discovered their gender identity in that environment because it was the first time they were allowed to experience something different than the stereotypes they grew up with of only male-female couples being acceptable. Unfortunately, for many children stereotypes are all they see in their daily lives and become what they understand simply because they are not exposed to diverse views. Most certainly, no child wants to be intimidated or ostracized simply because they are different. These difference sometimes mean that students are subject to bullying by peers who dont understand or accept them, and these actions can be especially harsh when adults look the other way or are not present. While some claim that single-sex schools promote gender stereotypes, others adamantly disagree, stating that the single-sex school breaks down the stereotypes and better educates students on a more diverse set of viewpoints. The Value of an Open and Affirming Culture What many people dont know is that boys and girls schools often  play to the strengths of students. These open and affirming cultures can provide better support, counseling, and education, empowering students to embrace who they are more than ever. When students can walk around their school community openly without fear of discrimination or bullying, they are able to grow as individuals and achieve more success. Both boys and girls have to deal with their sexuality, understanding their feelings and inclinations mean and how to handle them. If they havent thought of it themselves, the American entertainment industry will certainly put all those gender debates and discussions right under their noses. What any good private school is able to do is to provide some serious mentoring and discussion of issues like teenage sexuality. The tightly wrapped sense of community which most of these schools have makes young people feel comfortable discussing these and other issues. Teens are under enormous stress under normal conditions. Add to the mix worries about sexuality and grades and you potentially have a recipe for extreme measures of dealing with the stress. For some, this can lead to eating disorders, cutting, or even suicide. Heed the warning signs, no matter how insignificant you think they may be, and talk to someone if there are concerns about the physical, mental, or emotional health of a child. If students feel as though they cannot confront their classmates, they should alert an adult and make sure she follows through. Supporting a peer struggling with an issue often means going against their wishes to deal with issues privately in favor of getting help from a qualified individual.   Edited by Stacy Jagodowski

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The War On The Battlefield - 1726 Words

Wars aren’t fought in a vacuum, and those who study the Civil War should know this. While the Confederacy lost the war on the battlefield, a failure to exam the social and political climate before the first shot fired on Fort Sumter and the furling of the CSS Shenandoah’s Confederate Navy Ensign— the war’s final surrender— does not capture the war’s impact on the nation. Certainly, one can’t discuss a war and never mention a battle. The field’s foundation is in traditional military history, but I feel more comfortable discussing social history topics. When I began the semester, I felt I was staunchly in the social history camp. I wanted nothing to do with regiments, charges, and invasion routes. When I wrote the first paper on this same†¦show more content†¦The process of defining what kind of Civil War historian that you are is a fluid process that needs to reevaluated as you become exposed to more information. The first book we read this semester was Paul Quigley’s Shifting Grounds: Nationalism and the American South, 1848-1865. Quigley’s work focuses primarily on the formation of Southern nationalism during the complex years before secession and Fort Sumter. Only the final chapters examines the years 1861-1865. I appreciated Quigley’s framing of Southern nationalism within an international context. This goes against the southern exceptionalism trend that tends to permeates any study of the American South. Quigley’s assertion the nationalism was a cause rather than an effect of succession is correct in my estimation. However, if the book is going to be considered a work about the Civil War, more than one chapter of it should deal with the ebb and flow of nationalism during the war itself. As a historian, I feel that establishing the origins of Confederate nationalism is an important part of understanding the Confederate war effort on the battlefield and on the h ome front, but as a historian, I’d like to see it evaluated more thoroughly during the War itself (Quigley). The second work our class read this semester was literature scholar Randall Fuller’s From Battlefields Rising. Fuller attempted to exam the manner in which Civil War changed the view of America’s

Corporate Governance and Ethics Modernity

Question: Discuss about theCorporate Governance and Ethicsfor Modernity. Answer: Introduction The concern of the following essay is to understand and determine whether in the era of modernity, leadership is an essential aspect for making ethical decisions or not. In general the role of ethics and morality is to take concern about the assessment of the notions of rights or wrong and of moral standards. Therefore, it can be said that ethics are a set of principles whose responsibility is to govern behavior of an individuals or an organizations behavior and code of conducting any particular activity. On the other hand, the phrase business ethics is indicative of the set of principles and standards for governing and controlling individuals and groups in a workplace (Ciulla 2014). In this context, it is to say that ethical aspects are related with human mode of interaction, therefore they take concern about the human behaviors. On the other side, leadership is a major organizational aspect that is implemented to control and govern workforces (Brown and Trevio 2014). Thus, the foll owing discourse will evaluate and understand whether leadership is connected with ethical decision-making or not. Therefore, the argument point, which will be focused throughout the essay is leadership is essential in developing the ethical decision making process. As per Trevino and Nelson (2006), leaders should be considered as the moral agents of an organization who should have rational opinions as well as have the capability to take morally appropriate decisions in right time. To understand the validity of the question, Kohlbergs theoretical stages of cognitive moral development should be considered. The first stage of Kohlbergs cognitive moral development indicates that moral decision or the process of determining which behavior is right or what is not, is controlled by rewards, favor and punishment associate with an action. As per Jones (1991), the power of leadership provides the capability to maintain and create a culture along with the ability to bring change in it. According to Tricker (2009), one of the most significant aspect of an organizations ethical culture is leadership as leaders affect organizational culture through role modeling or teaching, providing attention, observing and controlling critical incidents. In this respect, it is required to contemplate that some of the chief responsibilities of leaders and managers is to maintain every possible ethical behavior within an organization as per the fact that they affect organizational policies, practices as well as the culture (Trevino and Nelson 2006). Henceforth, they have the accountability to maintain and communicate their standards in form of playing the character of a role model. The aim of the present context demands to elaborate the definition and meaning of ethical leadership. In the words of Carroll (2001), an ethical leader is the amalgamation of a good character and the capability to set ethical standards and expectations. More precisely, a person who has all the traits of a moral person and a moral manager can establish an appropriate as well as ethical leadership. It means behavioral traits of a moral person, such as integrity, trustworthiness and honesty and the capacity to hold the values, fair objectives, concern for the society and the obedience to follow ethical rules should be there in a leader (Ferrell et al. 2005). On the other hand, predominant traits of a moral manager are to maintain role modeling with the help of visible action. As argued by Hartman and Desjardins (2008), a moral manger should have the ability to communicate about the values and ethics maintained by his/her organization to the subordinates. However, as per Shapiro and Stef kovich (2016), a moral manager should be capable of maintaining disciplines and should use the transactional leadership method of providing rewards or punishment. Henceforth, from the above brief, it can be established that a fruitful and ethical leadership should be possessed with honesty, integrity and value for society along with the traits of maintaining disciplines and holding the position of a role model. Based on (), an ethical leadership, which is essentially required in time of making ethical decisions, should have the capability of making fair and justified judgments (Shapiro and Stefkovich 2016). It should be considered in this respect that an ethical leader needs to stay hypocritical all the time and should stay impartial and rational. It is because of the fact that a moral or ethical decision is always determined by those reasons, which would seem acceptable to other persons. It needs to be contemplated here that a minimum conception of morality in a person demands the trait of impartiality through which the person can consider interests of all those people who would be affected by the moral decision (Carroll 2001). Nevertheless, it is fortunate to denote here that studies and researches have indicated that employees prefer to work in those organizations whose corporate culture promotes appropriate moral behaviors among its employees. Most significantly, it has been identified from surveys that an organization can promptly ensure and maintain high ethical standards through having a responsible and dutiful management. According to Cianci et al. (2014), it is chiefly the responsibility of management to ensure ethical standards by making value driven decision-making and showing zero tolerance for ethical violation. Considering the question about whether leadership is required in developing ethical decision making process, it can be said after the brief discourse above that leadership is needed to develop the trend of making ethical decision because of several reasons (Crossan et al. 2013). The first one is without leadership there would be no harmony and no one to decide and conclude what is right or what is wrong. Second, without leadership there would be chance of having biased judgments as there would be no one to take the neutral standpoint. However, in this context it is necessary to denote that if leadership is essential for developing ethical judgment then managers are required to adopt the theoretical standpoints of justice ethics. According to the justice ethics, managers should divide responsibility equally among the subordinates without discriminating on the basis of gender, race and favoritism. Furthermore, as per two of the dominant traits of justice ethics, which are distributive and procedural, benefits for the employees would be derived after having a thorough evaluation of every outcome and decision making process should be procedural (Kuntz et al. 2013). It means, participation and the decision making process should be based on those procedures, which would bring the outcomes. In this context, it is significant to mention that with the help of the application of justice ethics, it becomes easy for the leaders to determine whether the distribution of burden and benefits among the subordinates have been distr ibuted appropriately or not. However, the unfortunate part about the particular theoretical approach is that the leaders applying the approach always sacrifice rights of some people in order to ensure equitable distribution of benefits (Brown and Trevio 2014). The theoretical approach is indicative of the fact that for attending each of the aspects of justice theory in an organization, there is a need to have a firm leadership. On the other hand, if the moral activities within an organization can be visualized from the point of view of Kantianism, then it can be said that development of moral decision making relies on the several abstract universal principles, such as fairness, promise, justice, respect and honesty (Ciulla 2014). Moreover, Kantianism focuses on doing what is morally right rather than doing something for contributing to the social welfare. In the words of Ferrell et al. (2005), considering the Kantianism theoretical approach, it is to say that leadership is not the significant aspect to determine the development of ethical decision making. It is because of the fact that following the percept of Kantianism, an ethical decision making is a product of respect, fairness, honest justice and always approaching the way that is right. A leader has the responsibility to focus more on to maximize the welfare of the subordinates in an organization rather than only concentrating upon establishing the ri ght thing (Shapiro. and Stefkovich 2016). In this particular ground, the discussion about the essentiality of leadership in the development of moral decision making process proves fruitless. It is contradictory as per the matter that a moral decision making process needs to only concentrate on making judgments for the right option, whereas a leader or management has a relatively wider duty to think about the wellness of the subordinate workforce. As stated by Brown and Trevio (2014), it is the fundamental duty of the leaders to make beneficial decisions for everyone who is involved. Therefore, focus only on the moral good would not accomplish the priorities that a management needs to follow. On the other hand, as argued by Kuntz et al. (2013), the fundamental purpose of organizational perspective regarding making ethical decisions is to ensure employee welfare as well as a systematic corporate functionality. In this respect, the thematic concept of Utilitarianism could be explained. The theoretical approach of Utilitarianism unlike the theoretical approach of Kantianism is concerned with establishing moral decisions, which would effectively promote the overall good of the society. The particular theoretical approach appropriately supports the present hypothesis that says that leadership is necessary in order to have a fruitful development of decision making (Cianci et al. 2014). Utilitarianism says that a moral decision is the one that proves convenient in maximizing the number of good consequence for mitigating bad consequence for a greatest number of individuals. The approach rightly supports the predominant duty of a moral leadership, which is to support the process of making moral judgment for the betterment of the workforce. According to the words of Tricker (2009), the Utilitarianism theory believes that a decision would be best when it would not compromise the ethical ground as we ll as would yield to bring the greatest net benefit. Therefore, the emphasis here is upon majority. As per the Utilitarianism theory, the procedure of ethical decision making process in an organization involves a process of defining a particular issue, identifying affected stakeholders, listing all the alternative courses of action and identifying and calculating all the long-term and short-term costs. Therefore, it is easy to understand that each of process of developing moral judgments requires having a firm and experienced leadership (Crossan et al. 2013). If management desires to utilize the theoretical approach in time of developing and accomplishing an apt and ethical decision, following the discussed theory, they should start with analyzing the impact of the ethical issue on the stakeholders (Ciulla 2014). However, the main pitfall of the distinct theoretical approach is, most of the time in case of giving focus on moral end, decisions ignore the moral considerations. However, in favor of the present argument, it can be said that the process of developing ethical decision significantly includes the method of giving recognition to the aspect of personal rewards along with satisfaction. On the other hand, it is the duty of the management to give rewards or punishments to their subordinates on behalf of ethical judgment (Hartman and Desjardins 2008). Therefore, it should be said that leadership is an essential aspect without which, it is impossible to accomplish development of ethical decision making. From the above cohesive discourse, it is easy to underpin that a proper development of ethical decision is beyond possibility without the effectiveness of leadership. The argument has been supported by the Utilitarianism theory that has listed thoroughly the ways to make ethical judgments. According to the theory, a moral decision making process includes the duty of giving rewards, observing the impact of an ethical issue on the stakeholders and finally set up alternative options to mitigate them. Each of the procedures is understandably associated with leadership traits. As per the above essay an appropriate leadership is determined by the attributes of a ethical person as well as the characteristic features of a moral manager. Thus the argument brings light to the fact that in order to build a proper ethical judgment; there is the essential need of management or leadership. However, the argument has been also contradicted by the approach of Kantianism though the Utilitarianism appr oach has potentially taken edge over it. References Brown, M.E. and Trevio, L.K., 2014. Do role models matter? An investigation of role modeling as an antecedent of perceived ethical leadership.Journal of Business Ethics,122(4), pp.587-598. Carroll, AB., 2001. 'Models of management morality for the new millennium.' Business Ethics Quarterly, v. 11, n. 2, pp. 365-71. Cianci, A.M., Hannah, S.T., Roberts, R.P. and Tsakumis, G.T., 2014. The effects of authentic leadership on followers' ethical decision-making in the face of temptation: An experimental study.The Leadership Quarterly,25(3), pp.581-594. Ciulla, J.B. ed., 2014.Ethics, the heart of leadership. ABC-CLIO. Crossan, M., Mazutis, D. and Seijts, G., 2013. In search of virtue: The role of virtues, values and character strengths in ethical decision making.Journal of Business Ethics,113(4), pp.567-581. Ferrell, OC, Fraedrich, J Ferrell, L., 2005. Business ethics: Ethical decision making and cases, Houghton Mifflin, Boston. Hartman, LP., and Desjardins, J., 2008. Business ethics: Decision making for personal integrity social responsibility, McGraw-Hill irwin, Boston. Jones, TM., 1991. 'Ethical decision making by individuals in organizations: An issue-contingent model', Academy of Management Review, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 366-95. Kuntz, J.R.C., Kuntz, J.R., Elenkov, D. and Nabirukhina, A., 2013. Characterizing ethical cases: A cross-cultural investigation of individual differences, organisational climate, and leadership on ethical decision-making.Journal of Business Ethics,113(2), pp.317-331. Shapiro, J.P. and Stefkovich, J.A., 2016.Ethical leadership and decision making in education: Applying theoretical perspectives to complex dilemmas. Routledge. Trevino, LK, and Nelson, K. A., 2006. Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right, 4 edn, John Wiley Sons, New York. Tricker, B., 2009. Corporate Governance: Principles, Policies and Practices, Oxford University Press, UK.

Oscilloscope and Polymeter an Example by

Oscilloscope and Polymeter Because of technological advancements, signal voltages can now be seen. Through an electronic test instrument, this has become possible. This instrument shows a 2-D graph with electrical differences and is called oscilloscope. Vertical axis represents possible electrical differences. On the other hand, the horizontal axis stands for another voltage, or time (Tomal and Widmer, 1993, p. 119). Need essay sample on "Oscilloscope and Polymeter" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed While it is true that vertical axis shows the volate through an oscilloscope, other values can also be seen through this tool, like any quantity which can possible be changed into a voltage. Most of the time, an oscilloscope displays events that change at a slow pace, or repeat without a single change. Out of all the electronic instruments out on the market these days, oscilloscope proves to be the most widely-used and the most versatile tool among others (Tomal and Widmer, 1993, p. 119). If an individuals needs to see the exact wave shape of a particular electrical signal, then an oscilloscope is the perfect tool to make this possible. Aside from the electrical signal's amplitude, this instrument can also measure frequency and display distortion. It can also display the timing of two signals that are related to each other. An oscilloscope can also show the time taking place between two events. An example of these events include pulse rise or pulse width (Tomal and Widmer, 1993, p. 1 19). People Frequently Tell EssayLab professionals:How much do I have to pay someone to make my assignment in time?Essay writers propose: Get Your Essay Before The DeadlineEssay Helper Students Cheap Custom Writing Service College Paper Writing Service Reviews Buy Papers Online An individual who uses the digital version of this instrument will enjoy the analysis and display the tool can do. The digital version can do both of these to the spectrum of an event the repeatedly happens. Another type of an oscilloscope is the special-purpose type, which is also known as a spectrum analyzer. This type of oscilloscope has inputs which are highly sensitive, and can show spectra into the gigahertz range. Some oscilloscopes can also show spectra in audio range, and at the same time can also accept plug-ins (Tomal and Widmer, 1993, p. 119). The term oscilloscope may be strange to others, especially those who are not well-versed with the terms of medicine, telecommunications and engineering. This tool is widely used in the field of science, especially in industries, telecommunications, engineering and medicine. Some oscilloscopes are general-purpose oscilloscopes, which can be used to maintain laboratory work and electronic equipment. Those with special purpose can be used to display a heartbeat's wave form. It can also analyze a specific automotive ignition system (Scherz, 2000, p. 441). In the beginning, the oscilloscope was operated by cathode ray tubes. The ray tubes function as the oscilloscope's display element. Originally, the oscilloscope's ability to process signals was made possible with the help of linear amplifiers. Today, oscilloscopes can now be easier to use because of LED and LCD screens. This tool has become a more convenient instrument for its users because it now has fast converters (from analog to digital). Modern oscilloscopes can now be used with digital signal processors (Scherz, 2000, p. 441). Basically, what one will see through an oscilloscope is a level of a signal. This signal depends on the changes in time. Voltmeters can do the same. Steady levels are measured with the use of a voltmeter. Steady levels include the use of checking the batteries of a flashlight, or test tones. However, when it comes to measuring the instantaneous value of a signal, then a voltmeter cannot do that. A voltmeter is also not capable of identifying a sine or a square wave, which an oscilloscope can do (Scherz, 2000, p. 441). An electron beam is an important component of an oscilloscope because this is what the tool makes use of to make dots of light just when the phosphor coating, which can be seen inside a CRT or a cathode ray tube, is struck by the beam. What happens to the beam is that is gets swept from one side of the screen to another in a very rapid manner. The speed is enough to see clearly the input waveform's variations (Scherz, 2000, p. 441). Aside from the CRT, it can be seen that all oscilloscopes have amplifiers, both horizontal and vertical. Connected to the horizontal amplifier is a frequency sawtooth oscillator. The oscillator is present to make recurrent sweep which is the one responsible in tracking down the input signal. Because the CRT creates just one dot to represent light, the tool works only when the dot is constantly sent across the screen from left to right, specifically, to make it appear that a line exists, and not just a single dot of light. Individuals can now observe what the oscilloscope displays. The signal which a user can see is applied to the input of the oscilloscope's vertical amplifier. Because of this, the single dot of light is shifted down, and shifted up (Gibilisco, 2002, p. 59). The horizontal sweep is a very important part of the tool because if not for this, the single dot will be seen as just a single dot in the middle of the monitor. Signal is applied only into the vertical input. An oscilloscope works when both the signal voltages of the horizontal and the vertical inputs are used, because only in this way can the level of vertical deflection is identified. It is also only in this way can the frequency be seen, represented through a horizontal figure. Reading straight from the lines is possible because of this. The calibrated lines are referred to as graticule, which can be seen on the face of the cathode ray tube (Gibilisco, 2002, p. 59). With the help of an oscilloscope, many activities in science and the arts are made possible. Music visualization, for example, becomes possible because the oscilloscope displays what humans can only hear. Today, music is not just heard, but seen, too, through an oscilloscope (Gibilisco, 2002, p. 59). An oscilloscope m ay also be used to show different characteristics of music, such as polymeter. A polymeter occurs when two metric patterns work against each other (Beck & Reiser, 1998, p. 308). It happens when more than one meter is used simultaneously in an ensemble composition. In a polymeter, each functioning element of the texture, such as an instrument or a group, shows a unique rhythmic pattern contained in its own metrical frame, seemingly without apparent regard for an overarching coordinating mechanism. A type of metric polyphony or metric dissonance is created when constituent meters fail to merge with each other to create a larger meter, but merely continues in the background. Therefore, in a philosophical point of view, polymeter is similar to coexistence, not really cooperation (Agawu, 2003, p. 79). A polymeter may occur, for example, when at least four meters are simultaneously unfolding. In an ensemble, imagine a drummer playing his instrument in 5/8. Another person in the ensemble, playing bells and rattles for instance, plays in 6/8. The guy next to him with hand claps is playing in 3/8. Add to that another member who's playing the guitar in 12/8 or 6/8, and finally, the singer who sings in 6/8 or 3/4. This kind of musical ensemble exhibits a polymeter, and an oscilloscope may show the distinct patterns (Agawu, 2003, p. 79). Many people are confused between a polymeter and a polyrhythm. To more clearly define polymeter, let us compare it to polyrhythm. Some people tend to interchange these two terms, but a lot of music and sound experts differentiate between the two of them. Some experts understand polyrhythm as the simultaneous use of multiple rhythms that contrast with each other in a musical texture. Polyrhythm is present in many types of music, for instance, in African music, which is well documented by Locke, Ballantine, Jones, and Arom. There are some experts who are not comfortable with the term polyrhythm but the phenomenon it describes is recognized by all of them (Agawu, 2003, p. 79-80). Unlike in polymeter, music in polyrhythm may use different instruments, but all their patterns are coordinated by a single overarching regulative beat or tactus in a meter. For example, in an ensemble, although the music itself is persistently off beat, the drummer is not doing his own thing separate from the activities of the other members (Agawu, 2003, p.80). Many types of African music, like kaganu, exhibit polyrhythm. It is also heard in many types of European music. Passages from the work of Brahms, Beethoven, and Haydn all contain polyrhythm. Repertoires from the twentieth century, including jazz and work by Elliot Carter and Stravinsky also account for the existence of polyrhythm in Europe (Agawu, 2003, p.81). When metric patterns are simultaneously mixed together to form different metric patterns in different time signatures, mixed polymeter is created. This is possible when more than one time signature happens simultaneously in different areas, with neither being dominant no r changing the time signature once it begins. Such an occurrence may be categorized as a matter of alignment. Since a base time signature is nonexistent, each area maintains its own metric characteristics and has its own time signature. Even in this setup though, one element holds all the areas or parts together. Usually, the 8th note is the one that performs this role (Beck & Reiser, 1998, p. 308). Musicians are not the only ones who are interested in the phenomena of polymeter and polyrhythm. Psychologists who study various stimuli that a person receives from the environment are also very interested in the true nature of polymeter and its perception by human beings. In fact, the production and perception of polyrhythm has been receiving a lot of attention from researchers for a long time (London, 2004, p.49). Researchers have found different ways to study the perception of polyrhythms by humans. One strategy involves asking subjects to attend to a single stream of polyrhythm or polymemter to test their attentional focus. One research of this kind showed that when a person is confronted with complex polyrhythmic stimuli, he tends to use two different metric strategies. He will either get a composite pattern of all rhythmic streams he receives, and then fit it into an appropriate metric framework, or he will focus instead on a single rhythmic stream, fit it into its correspondin g meter, and then treat other rhythmic streams as simply noise (London, 2004, p.50). More scientific research needs to be done on the true nature of polymeter. Musicians, sound engineers, psychologists, and everyone who's interested in the effect of sounds to human beings will definitely benefit a lot from the findings of such research. Knowledge from such research can be used to invent new useful devices. Oscilloscopes also have to be further developed to aid in this type of research. The device has many potentials, and we may see it being used to more applications in the future. References Agawu, V.K. (2003). Representing African music: postcolonial notes, queries, positions. New York: Routledge. Beck, J., & Reiser, J.C. (1998). Moving notation: a handbook of musical rhythm and elementary labanotation for the dancer. Oxford: Taylor & Francis. Gibilisco, S. (2002). Teach Yourself Electricity and Electronics. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional. London, J. (2004). Hearing in time: psychological aspects of musical meter. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Scherz, P. (2000). Practical Electronics for Inventors. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional. Tomal, D., & Widmer, N. (1993). Electronic Troubleshooting. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional.

Free Essays on Fast Food Consumption

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the consumption of fast food in children from an urban setting compared to those of a suburban setting. The sample consists of kids from kids in an urban environment as well as kids from a suburban environment. My first hypothesis concerns whether contextual variables of the setting influence the individuals choice when choosing what to eat. According to former U.S. Surgeon General David Satcher, fast food restaurants crowd out access to healthier food in inner-city neighborhoods. Satcher also argues that fast food marketing in inner-city neighborhoods is comparable to overly aggressive tobacco marketing in inner-city neighborhoods during the 1990s. Mr. David Satcher said that â€Å" the situation is so bad that it should be called an epidemic among children. According to Northeastern University, â€Å"McDonald’s alone spent $1.1 billion on advertising in 2001; the government’s budget for a pro-fruit/vegetable campaign was $1.1 million.† (emphases added) People in the poorest urban areas have two and half times more exposure to fast food outlets than people in the wealthiest category. The fast food industry may also exert undue influence on children, regardless of their social, economic, and ethnic backgrounds: According to CBS News, â€Å"the highest levels of fast-food consumption were found in youngsters with higher household income levels, boys, older children, blacks and children living in the South.† â€Å"Every day, nearly one-third of U.S. children aged 4 to 19 eat fast food, which likely packs on about six extra pounds per child per year and increases the risk of obesity, a study of 6,212 youngsters found.† According to Consumer Reports, â€Å"[a]-not-yet published 15-year study from Harvard Medical School of more than 3,700 young adults from across the country found that eating fast food more than twice a week increased the risk of obesity by about 50 percent for white... Free Essays on Fast Food Consumption Free Essays on Fast Food Consumption The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the consumption of fast food in children from an urban setting compared to those of a suburban setting. The sample consists of kids from kids in an urban environment as well as kids from a suburban environment. My first hypothesis concerns whether contextual variables of the setting influence the individuals choice when choosing what to eat. According to former U.S. Surgeon General David Satcher, fast food restaurants crowd out access to healthier food in inner-city neighborhoods. Satcher also argues that fast food marketing in inner-city neighborhoods is comparable to overly aggressive tobacco marketing in inner-city neighborhoods during the 1990s. Mr. David Satcher said that â€Å" the situation is so bad that it should be called an epidemic among children. According to Northeastern University, â€Å"McDonald’s alone spent $1.1 billion on advertising in 2001; the government’s budget for a pro-fruit/vegetable campaign was $1.1 million.† (emphases added) People in the poorest urban areas have two and half times more exposure to fast food outlets than people in the wealthiest category. The fast food industry may also exert undue influence on children, regardless of their social, economic, and ethnic backgrounds: According to CBS News, â€Å"the highest levels of fast-food consumption were found in youngsters with higher household income levels, boys, older children, blacks and children living in the South.† â€Å"Every day, nearly one-third of U.S. children aged 4 to 19 eat fast food, which likely packs on about six extra pounds per child per year and increases the risk of obesity, a study of 6,212 youngsters found.† According to Consumer Reports, â€Å"[a]-not-yet published 15-year study from Harvard Medical School of more than 3,700 young adults from across the country found that eating fast food more than twice a week increased the risk of obesity by about 50 percent for white...

Policy change memo Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Policy change memo - Assignment Example e training division, I am proposing that the current policy of training customer service representatives for only one week after recruitment and placement be increased to two week to incorporate the need to discuss topics such as addressing complaints and techniques for conflict resolution. The one week training only discussed orienting new personnel on the policies and procedures of the organization, including codes of discipline and an overview of the customer service function. The need to extend the training for another week is crucial to assist them in communicating effectively to the customers in areas were conflicts and complaints need to be resolved. May I hereby forward this request for change of policy to be endorsed by you for proper approval by our CEO, Mr. John Smith. The approval of this change in training policy would be instrumental in improving productivity, performance and the corporate image of our organization. For your immediate evaluation and

Globalisation and Mass Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Globalisation and Mass Media - Essay Example Mass media has always acquired a prominent position in the first world countries like the United Kingdom and the United States. ‘Marketplace of Ideas’ is the term which is often applied to mass media. This media includes video, film, recorded materials, books, newspapers and magazines. The United Kingdom, like many of the other developed countries, is flooded with communities from almost all the continents. Therefore, much like the USA, a heterogeneous population has been formed automatically in this country. Mass media is a huge political and social motivator and history has proved its unparalleled power time and again. In today’s scenario, the actual influence of mass media in the era of globalisation is particularly noticeable on the field of marketing. Internationalization of marketplaces has considerably influenced the electronic mass media in the United States of America, so also in other first world countries. We can support this argument by keeping a track of revenues generated from film and television industries. In 1991, bulk of revenues came to the capital flow in the US marketplace through film and television industries. Crossing the national borders, it has been possible for the media corporate to reach out for markets in other countries. With the rapid advent of technology, mass media has captured the attention of international audience through services like cable television, multichannel radio and video outputs. Moreover, cultural industries in the US have crossed the linguistic and geographic barriers to reach out to an audience which is heterogeneous in characteristics. (Globalization of the Mass Media, p. 3) Global economic liberalization, deregulation and privatization in recent times have initiated changes in the context of communication. This liberalization is also involved with intellectual property laws. Trademarks, copyrights and legal privileges have been made flexible keeping the issue of international business as the

A Message Without Words Essay Example for Free

A Message Without Words Essay Select one (1) of the picture ads from the Benetton advertisement images document, located in the online course shell. Assume you are the project lead at Benetton. You and your team are tasked with revitalizing a social conscious campaign to address a world issue Benetton wants to draw attention to. Craft a message for this image and its appeal to the public on behalf of Benetton. The message selected for revitalizing a social conscious campaign to address a world issue that Benetton wants to draw attention to is, adoption and racial tolerance. Benetton wants people to realize that many children go without a real home or parents to love them and never get a real chance at childhood. They may have to live in orphanages, group homes or even worst, be placed from home to home in foster homes, because they never get adopted. The message is that love has no color, it is colorblind. It does not matter, what color the parents or the child are or what part of the world they come from, anyone can give the gift of love, by giving a child a home of their own. Define the goal of this campaign and the targeted audience with supporting rationale. The goal of Benettons communication and advertising is to target the global consumer and create a brand image and lifestyle. In past campaigns, Benetton has sought to create both a global dialogue about specific issues and make this part of its corporate culture. Benetton has used its advertising to champion social causes. Therefore, the goal of this campaign is to make people aware of the need for adoptions, the ease of adoption, bring attention to the beauty of adoption while combining racial tolerance, to promote colorless adoption. We want to shine the light on the colorblindness of adoption and that race, culture or creed should not matter, it is all about giving love. TARGET AUDIENCE The target audience will be global consumers, men and women between the ages of 18 and 44, because according to J. Jones, PhD. with the National Center of Health Statistics, â€Å"†¦ about 2 percent of the adult population aged 18-44, or nearly 2 million persons, [have] adopted children (4). More than twice the percentage of men (2.3) had adopted a child compared with women (1.1). These percentages represent approximately 1.3 million men and 613,000 women. Higher percentages of people over age 30, who are currently or formerly married, who have given birth or fathered a child, or who have ever used infertility services have adopted children compared with people who are aged 18-29, never married, without biological children, or who have never used infertility services†. This audience was chosen because it represents the majority of the American adopting population and also follows the demographic of Benetton shoppers. Develop a model for the advertisement strategy you will use and briefly discuss each stage of the model. â€Å"Most adoption companies use an advertisement strategy that employs marketing techniques like advertising in local or national magazines. They may write articles, place personal ads or use advertorials in magazines† (Adoption Marketing, n.d.). â€Å"An advertorial is an advertisement in the form of an editorial† (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, n.d.). This method is used because when used in printed publications, the advertisement is usually written in the form of an objective article and designed to look like a legitimate and independent news story. This method has gotten much attention for adoptions, but can be very costly. Other methods that are generally used for marketing adoption are running ads in newspapers or in the Yellow Pages. Because most adoption agencies are non-profit, a non-profit business cannot spend a whole lot of money on marketing. Even though some of these methods are inexpensive, these traditional methods are not very effective and really cost adoption agencies more money than the results, they receive. The reason for such poor results if the fact that newspaper and telephone book use are in decline. Personal ads though, are still somewhat effective. For these reasons, Benetton has decided to support this cause and use their bold, controversial ad campaign and social media network tools, to draw attention to such a worthy cause. Benetton also likes to stir controversy and believes that through this campaign they can address that adoption should be colorblind. This is the reason for this particular image to be used. It is strong and quite an attention getter. We want to use marketing techniques to reach single, young men and women, as well as, couples. The marketing campaign will need to work well and be effective enough to reach singles and couples, who want a baby and are unable to have one or want to add to their existing families. Because this campaign is for a nonprofit, instead of selling a product, we will be trying to get people to take action. We must translate the concepts of for-profit marketing for financial reward to nonprofit marketing or â€Å"social marketing†. â€Å"Social marketing is defined as using marketing concepts and techniques to achieve specific behavioral goals for social good† (Miller, 2010). This researcher believes that a marketing plan really is a set of questions that once answered reveal the actual integrated marketing communications package. The marketing plan is a made up of topics and then the questions to address each topic. The elements of our marketing plan are as follows: 1. Marketing Goals – in this phase we define what we need to do or want to accomplish. As stated above, through Benetton’s bold ads and their existing social media network, our goal is to bring awareness to adoption and that giving love is colorblind and we will do this by targeting the global shopper. We need to make people aware of the ease of adoption and how adoption makes the world better for all parties involved. We have to examine our existing advertising network, to determine if this message a proper fit for our current methods of advertising. Will this message work in our in the current magazines, billboard network (buildings, Times Square, etc., in transit stations, on trains and buses), in our stores and within our established social media network, already in place; which has been used in our other social cause promotions? Should this campaign be just domestic or global and include our international advertisi ng? 2. Environmental Analysis – the conditions under which we will operate. During this stage, a SWOT analysis will be performed, to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats associated with matching adoption and the Benetton corporate image. Because we are operating within the framework of a retailer promoting their stores and products, as well as, this social cause, we will address each of the following conditions: a) What are the internal and external conditions under which this marketing program must operate? Internally, what is Benetton’s corporate governance policy and how have they handled their promotion of social causes in the past? Because much of Benetton’s social promotion has been so controversial, we will need to investigate this question carefully, because adoption involves children and is not strictly an adult issue. Also, are there any adverse corporate public relations issues of record which could arise, that would relate to the company supporting and endorsing adoption? Since Benetton is a global organization where will this promotion appear, in the United States, only or in international markets? Throughout our global market, what are the legal regulations and cultural differences regarding adoption,? Finally, what resources are available to promote this cause within the organization? Does Benetton already have resources in place to promote adoption or will there be the need for partnerships with others? If partnerships are necessary, which ones should be selected. b) What skills will we need to promote this cause and what ones do we have on staff now? c) What systems do we need in place for this IMC plan to succeed? Do we have the proper exposure and audience in place, to make the social media elements of the promotion successful? 3. Audience and Segmentation – Who must we reach and convince and what are their interests and values. (see Target Audience, p. 3 of this document). 4. Messaging – the specific message that will move the audience to action. The message is simple: Adopt!!! Love Is Colorblind. By showing the hand of a child of one race and the adult hand of another race, we wish to communicate that adopting any child is a great gift of love and race should not matter, racial tolerance. The message’s goal is to show that we can all love and share love with any child and make the world a better place, trough racial tolerance and coexistence. 5. Marketing Tactics – how will we deliver the messages? Because of the demographic of the Benetton shopper and the company’s past advertising for social causes, this researcher believes that that they have in place the distribution channels for this message. The methods selected are photographic ads in their current magazine relationships, open air billboards; and billboards in transit stations, on buses and trains and in their retail outlets. Benetton’s existing social media network channels will also be used as a part of this IMC mix. This will include the company website, an email banner and Twitter. 6. Budget and Staffing – the resources to implement the plan. In this phase, we outline the financial and staffing resources required to implement the plan. Questions that must be answered include: What will be the budget for this promotion? Do we have the skills, time, and talent on staff to produce this promotion? For this IMC program to succeed, do we have adequate knowledge about adoption, in house or do we need the support of partner? 7. Strategy Metrics – how will we measure progress against our goals? In a for-profit IMC program this is an extremely important step, but in promoting a social cause, this step is very different and very difficult to measure. Although we want more people to adopt, this is tangible. Getting people to look at others through colorblind eyes, becoming more loving and caring toward others and to increase racial tolerance, is not. Therefore, promoting this message and stirring up publicity and social consciousness about adoption, race issues and tolerance, are one way to measure the success of this social cause IMC program. Formulate an integrated marketing communications plan that communicates the message to the targeted groups. Within this plan, be sure to address: The technologies used along with expected benefits of each. How the message and goals will be promoted. The process of marketing occurs in five steps: Understanding the market and the company’s marketing strengths and weaknesses, developing a marketing strategy, building a marketing plan, implementing the plan, and monitoring the success of the plan. Now that we have formulated our integrated marketing communications plan, and identified our targeted group, we will address the technologies we intend to implement, as part of this IMC program. The technological methods we will use, will be the company website, an email banner and Twitter. The Internet offers innovative and cost effective methods for adoption marketing. Using the Benetton website, we will be able to focus on reaching more people, telling people what adopting means, to a child and to society as a whole. We will take the mystery out of the adoption process. An excellent method of using the website for social cause internet marketing is having a website blog chronicling true stories of happy events surrounding adoptio n, and the fact that this can be interactive and done in a matter of moments, will give Benetton an opportunity to gather consumer data. A good use of the email banner is pay-per-click advertising, this will lower the overall cost and give interested consumers a way to contact an actual adoption agency. It will give the agencies more traffic to their websites and help increase greater awareness. The use of Twitter to promote this cause, is an excellent choice, because the Benetton customer is young, international and upwardly mobile. Benetton has a reputation for being modern, young and on the edge, so this is a perfect fit. Twitter is mobile and â€Å"gives [the user] the ability to share 140-character thoughts in a split second, [Benetton] can easily share links to PR releases, [adoption success stories, positive race messages] and stories about [their] business†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Lacey, 2010). Twitter can also be used to branch out into other social causes, keeping an eye on trending topics and using it to tweet, about more than just Benetton business. â€Å"Twitter gives [Benetton] the ability to take a single thought [or cause] and share it with millions of people. And [their] customer evangelists can spread [their] message, as well as their opinions about [the] company’s greatness to as many people as possible† (Lacy, 2010). Since Benetton has such a reputation for their involvement in social causes, this element of the IMC, is a perfect fit for the company and the cause. In fact, all three of these technologies fit perfectly with the Benetton consumer demographic and the company’s corporate image and culture. They will be effective, not only to bring attention to this campaign on adoption, but will work well with future social cause promotions. These internet marketing methods will even include search engine optimization, viral marketing and article marketing as well. Decipher and select at least two (2) types of individuals, groups, companies, etc., that you reach out to gain support for the campaign. Be sure to discuss the expected benefits that accompany each external partner you identified. Benetton wants to enhance its reputation and drive sales; and the nonprofit cause wishes to generate awareness of their mission. In this promotion we are drawing awareness to the Benetton brand, adoption and race tolerance. The first group that we will reach out to partner with and gain support for the campaign; will be adoption agencies and orphanages. Benetton has the brand name and the reputation that will get the public’s attention. They want to use and share this with the cause to promote adoption. This a great combination but, the company lacks the knowledge on adoption regulations, laws and the process. Adoption agencies and orphanages have this expertise. An adoption agency or orphanage must be well-versed in laws and regulations regarding adoption, because this industry is so strongly regulated. Each country and even within a country, each state may have a different set of rules, regulation and laws to follow. Adoption agencies and orphanages are also heavily licensed. Because of the stringent regulating and the involvement of children it is necessary to have a partner with this knowledge, to be successful in promoting this cause. For this reason, these organizations are obvious choices to be major partners in this ad campaign. To support the â€Å"colorblindness†/racial tolerance piece of this campaign, Benetton will partner with The Southern Poverty Law Center. This partner was selected because this organization â€Å"is a nonprofit civil rights organization dedicated to fighting hate and bigotry, and to seeking justice for the most vulnerable members of society†(Who We Are, 2012). The Southern Poverty Law Center was founded by civil rights lawyers Morris Dees and Joseph Levin Jr. and is internationally known for tracking and exposing the activities of hate groups. This partnership was selected because of the organization’s international reputation and their dedication to fighting race bigotry. Also, their attention to seeking justice for the most vulnerable members of society, one of which is children. They were also selected because they have a specific program aimed toward children of the world, which distributes, free of charge, documentary films, books, lesson plans and other mat erials that promote racial tolerance and respect. Once this IMC plan is implemented with these partners, Benetton will not only have a successful campaign on adoption and racial tolerance but, this IMC foundation can be used for future social cause promotions. References Adoption Marketing | Advertising Strategies for Agencies Childrens Homes. (n.d.). Search Engine Positioning | Advertising, Marketing Optimization. Retrieved December 9, 2012, from http://www.customermagnetism.com/adoption-marketing/ Advertorial Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary. (n.d.). Dictionary and Thesaurus Merriam-Webster Online. Retrieved December 10, 2012, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/advertorial Jones J. (2009). Who adopts? Characteristics of women and men who have adopted children. NCHS data brief, no 12. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. Lacy, K. (2011). Twitter marketing. (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Pub.. Miller, K. (2010). The nonprofit marketing guide: high-impact, low-cost ways to build support for your good cause. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Who We Are | Southern Poverty Law Center. (n.d.). Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved December 17, 2012, from http://www.splcenter.org/who-we-are

Environment and Economy of Kuwait :: Geography

Environment and Economy of Kuwait Kuwait is not self-sufficient in agriculture but the country will be in the future. Its production of cereals, vegetables and fruit grown in the oasis of Jahra and scattered smallholdings is not sufficient for the population's needs, due to limitations of water supply, fertile soil, climate and manpower. Much of its food needs to be imported but government investment and the work of the Kuwait Experimental farm have led to improvements whereby existing resources are more efficiently utilized. Kuwait is a small arid desert land of about 6200 square miles. There is virtually no natural source of fresh water. Climatic conditions entail occasional high winds and dust storms, little or no rainfall, and summer temperatures as high as 120Ã ¸F. "Consequently, arable land amounts to less than 9% of total acreage."1 Soil deficiencies and the intense heat and sunlight allow continued cultivation only by expensive underground pipe-fed irrigation or by hydroponics. Ordinary irrigation under these conditions results in gradually increasing soil salinity. this phenomenon has been the cause of the estimated 1% annual decrease in arable land for the region as a whole. Hence, development of traditional agriculture is severely restricted. Kuwaitis are under no illusion that self-sufficiency will take less than 20 to 30 years to attain and even then it cannot include such items as beef and cereals. For Kuwait cereal production is considered too expensive and unnecessary. Self-sufficiency in poultry, vegetables and fruit is a visible goal: already Kuwait produces 60% of the eggs it needs, 40% of the poultry meat and 100% of the tomatoes. The next emphasis is likely to be on dairy farming and animal husbandry to increase the 25% of the required milk supplies that is produced in the country. The Kuwaitis are very conscious of the fact that urban growth and the hunting of animals which used to live in the desert has meant the virtual extinction of wildlife. Kuwait is importing from many countries animals such as cows, chickens and sheep. In view of Kuwait's extremely unpromising natural environment which was made even worse after the Persian Gulf War, the key to all its hopes for self-sufficiency lies in research and experiments. Their experimental farm research farm:Omariya, the Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research and the Kuwait Fund for the Advancement of Sciences are engaged in a variety of projects concerned with the hybridization of plants, animal breeding, the increase of yields in desert conditions, the treatment of brackish water and effluent water, irrigation methods, etc.

Brain Development

The human brain is considered as the most important and complex part of the body consisting of about 180 billion cells (Kolb and Whishaw 84). Of those 180 billion cells, 60 billion neurons are actively involved in thought processing, and each of these may synapses with as many as 15,000 neighboring neurons. Because of this complexity, for many years researchers in neuroscience have been hesitant to take on the difficult task of explaining the intricacies of the human brain. Prenatal Development The brain is among the first body parts to specialize and function in the embryo.It originates as a flat sheet of cells on the upper surface, called the neural plate. The brain begins to develop between the second and third week after fertilization and continue to develop rapidly throughout gestation (Spear 406-407). At 3 weeks of embryonic development, a tube appears along the back of the embryo. This is the neural tube, from which the entire nervous system develops. At the top of the tube, t hree bulges develop to form the three main divisions of the brain- the forebrain, the midbrain, and the hindbrain, and, behind them, the spinal cord.By the time the embryo is 13 mm (y in) in length the three swellings have become five, as the forebrain itself separates into the region to become the cerebral hemispheres and below this the diencephalons. The swellings are so large that to accommodate them the tube must begin to kink. At 7 weeks, the parts of the developing neural tube initially form a straight line, but the tube soon bends so that the forebrain and hindbrain are at right angles to each other.The hindbrain develops rapidly at this stage and begins to sprout a series of nerves (cranial nerves). The forebrain also begins to enlarge, forming two bulges. These will become the large, folded cerebrum and underlying structures, such as the thalamus. At 11 weeks, most features of the adult brain appear in rudimentary form. The hindbrain differentiates into the cerebellum (larg ely concerned with balance and coordination) and the pons and medulla (which control vital functions such as breathing and heartbeat).Meanwhile, the forebrain continues to grow, and the bulk of it – the cerebrum – begins to overlap the underlying structures. By the fifth month, the wrinkles on the cortical surface of the cerebrum have appeared, and simple but recognizable EEG patterns have developed. Once the tube has been closed off, the cells within it divide, going through a number of precursor stages before their daughters eventually differentiate to give rise to the populations of neurons and glia that will form the adult brain.The rate of cell proliferation is extraordinary: an average of more than 250,000 neurons per minute must be formed during the nine months of pregnancy—a rate dramatically surpassed by that of synapse formation: More than 30,000 synapses must be formed per second under every square centimeters of cortex to generate the complement pres ent in the early post-natal period. During pregnancy the fetal brain grows dramatically in size and complexity, and the neurons and glia which constitute it must find their appropriate positions and make their ordered connections, for instance within the six layers of the cerebral cortex.Because the cells are generated from a single initial sheet, it is necessary for them to migrate considerable distances to their final location. The cerebral hemispheres develop from the front portion of the neural tube, and, as their progenitor cells are formed, by the fifth week of pregnancy, the wall of the tube bulges to form the cerebral vesicles. Over the next hundred days, cells close to the ventricle are destined to give rise to the neurons which will form the cortex, while the glia are born in a second layer slightly further from the ventricles.The newborn neurons migrate from the ventricular zone towards the surface of the cerebral vesicles, where they meet axons growing in from the region of the developing brainstem, through which the later-born neurons must migrate. Before birth, massive enlargement of the cerebrum continues. Its most impressive development occurs in the cerebral cortex (the outer layers of the cerebrum) – the site of all higher conscious activity. At birth, the cerebrum makes up the bulk of the brain (The American Medical Association 12-13).Hence, by the time of birth, virtually all of the approximately 100 billion neurons in the human brain already are present (Cowan 113-115). Infancy But even this phenomenal rate of development may be an understatement (Clarke 345). Further Myers stated that in humans, though the brain tissue from the cerebral cortex has increased in complexity of the neural networks, the number of nerve cells don’t increase, but their interconnections do (63) Research in animals indicates that early in development, about twice as many neurons are produced than will be present in the adult brain.In addition, many n eurons initially grow axons that connect to the wrong targets. During the normal course of development, the excess neurons die and the inappropriate connections degenerate, leaving the appropriate connections in place (Cowan, Fawcett, OLeary, and Stanfield 1258-1260). Scientists believe that this overproduction and, later, death of neurons and their connections is an important mechanism for forming and fine-tuning the developing nervous system. The brain is not completely developed even in full-term newborn infants.A great deal of brain development takes place in the first few months of postnatal life; and, in fact, brain growth continues at least until adolescence (Benjamin, Hopkins, and Nation 313). They further added at birth, the human brain is immature: The neural networks that enable infants to walk, talk, and remember are still forming. This helps explain why infants’ memories do not predate during their third or fourth birthdays. In infancy, the brain also grows rapid ly specifically during the first two years after birth (Spear 170).Unlike all other cells in the body, however, the neurons are not usually replaced when they die, and from early infancy onwards there is indeed a small but steady loss of neurons. The growth is accounted for by increases in the number of glial cells, but above all in the massive development of dendritic processes and synaptic connections, as the brain â€Å"wires itself up† in a spectacular interplay of epigenetic specificity and experience-dependent plasticity—that is, the way that neural pathways are modified as a result of experience and most notably, learning and memory.Although all of a person’s neurons are present at birth, the number and complexity of the connections among neurons increase substantially after birth (Parmelee and Sigman 2:95-98), and this increase is partly responsible for the growth in brain size. Thus, both the increased neural connections and the development of myelin af ter birth make possible more and more complex behavior and thought as the child grows. In some areas of the brain, these developmental changes continue until adolescence (Yakovieve & Lecours 5-7).The human brain, and its functions, thus develop at first rapidly and then more steadily over the first few years of infancy, across puberty, and even into late adolescence. Works Cited Benjamin, Ludy, Hopkins, Roy, and Jack Nation. Psychology. 2nd ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1997. Clarke, P. G. H. Neuronal Death in the development of the vertebrate nervous system. Trends in Neuroscience. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995. Cowan,W. M. â€Å"The development of the brain†. Scientific America,241(1989):113-120. Cown,W. M. ,Fawcett,. j. w. , O`Leary,. D.D. M. ,& Stanfield,B. B. â€Å"Regressive Events in Neurogenesis†. Science,225(1991):1258-1260. Clayman,C. B. ,M. D. â€Å"The Brain and Nervous System. † The American Medical Association. 2nd ed. 199 7. Kolb,B. , AND Whishaw,I. O. Fundamentals of human neuropsychology. New York: Freeman,1995. Parmelee,A. H. , and Sigman,M. D. Prenatal brain development and behavior. In P. H. Mussen (Ed). Handbook of Child Psychology,Vol II. Infancy and development psychology. New York: John Wiley &Sons, 1984. Spear, Peter D. Psychology: perspective on behavior, New York: John Wiley &Sons, 1998.

What Is the Renaissance in Architecture

The Renaissance describes an era from roughly 1400 to 1600 AD when art and architectural design returned to the Classical ideas of ancient Greece and Rome. In large part, it was a movement spurred on by the advances in printing by Johannes Gutenberg in 1440. The wider dissemination of Classical works, from the ancient Roman poet Virgil to the Roman architect Vitruvius, created a renewed interest in the Classics and a humanist way of thinking that broke with long-standing medieval notions. This age of awakening in Italy and northern Europe became known as the Renaissance, which means born anew in French. The Renaissance in European history left behind the Gothic era; it was a new way for writers, artists, and architects to look at the world after the Middle Ages. In Britain, it was the time of William Shakespeare, a writer who seemed to be interested in everything; art, love, history, and tragedy. In Italy, the Renaissance flourished with artists of innumerable talents. Before the dawn of the Renaissance (often pronounced REN-ah-zahns), Europe was dominated by asymmetrical and ornate Gothic architecture. During the Renaissance, however, architects were inspired by the highly symmetrical and carefully proportioned buildings of Classical Greece and Rome. Features of Renaissance Buildings The influence of Renaissance architecture is still felt today in a more contemporary home. Consider that the common Palladian window originated in Italy during the Renaissance. Other characteristic features of the eras architecture include: Symmetrical arrangement of windows and doorsExtensive use of columns of the Classical orders and pilastersTriangular pedimentsSquare lintelsArchesDomesNiches with sculptures Phases of Renaissance Architecture Artists in northern Italy were exploring new ideas for centuries before the period we call the Renaissance. However, the 1400s and 1500s brought an explosion of talent and innovation. Florence, Italy is often considered the center of the Early Italian Renaissance. During the early 1400s, the painter and architect Filippo Brunelleschi (1377-1446) designed the great Duomo (cathedral) dome in Florence (c. 1436), so innovative in design and construction that even today its called Brunelleschis Dome. The Ospedale degli Innocenti (c. 1445), a childrens hospital also in Florence, Italy, was one of Brunelleschis first designs. Brunelleschi also rediscovered the principles of linear perspective, which the more refined Leon Battista Alberti (1404 to 1472) examined further and documented. Alberti, as a writer, architect, philosopher, and poet, became known as the true Renaissance Man of many skills and interests. His design of the Palazzo Rucellai (c. 1450) is said to be truly divorced from the medieval style, and could finally be considered quintessentially Renaissance: Albertis books on painting and architecture are considered classics to this day. What is called the High Renaissance was dominated by the works of Leonardo da Vinci (1452 to 1519) and the young upstart Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475 to 1564). These artists built on the works of those who came before them, extending a classical brilliance that is admired to this day. Leonardo, famous for his paintings of The Last Supper and the Mona Lisa, continued the tradition of what we call the Renaissance Man. His notebooks of inventions and geometrical sketches, including the Vitruvian Man, remain iconic. As an urban planner, like the ancient Romans before him, da Vinci spent his last years in France, planning a Utopian city for the King. During the 1500s, the great Renaissance master, the radical Michelangelo Buonarroti, painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and designed the dome for St. Peters Basilica in the Vatican. Michelangelos most recognizable sculptures are arguably the Pieta and the grand 17-foot marble statue of David. The Renaissance in Europe was a time when art and architecture were inseparable and the skills and talents of a single man could change the course of culture. Often talents worked together under Papal direction. Lasting Influences of Renaissance Architects A Classical approach to architecture spread through Europe, thanks to books by two important Renaissance architects. Originally printed in 1562, the Canon of the Five Orders of Architecture by Giacomo da Vignola (1507 to 1573) was a practical textbook for the 16th-century builder. It was a how-to pictorial description for building with different types of Greek and Roman columns. As an architect Vignola had a hand in St. Peters Basilica and the Palazzo Farnese in Rome, Villa Farnese, and other large country estates for the Catholic elite of Rome. Like other Renaissance architects of his time, Vignola designed with balusters, which became known as banisters in the 20th and 21st centuries. Andrea Palladio (1508 to 1580) may have been even more influential than Vignola.  Originally published in 1570, The Four Books of Architecture by Palladio not only described the five Classical Orders, but also showed with floor plans and elevation drawings how to apply the Classical elements to houses, bridges, and basilicas. In the fourth book, Palladio examines real Roman temples; local architecture like the Pantheon in Rome was deconstructed and illustrated in what continues to be a textbook of Classical design. Andrea Palladios architecture from the 1500s still stands as some of the finest examples of Renaissance design and construction. Palladios Redentore and San Giorigo Maggiore in Venice, Italy are not the Gothic sacred places of the past, but with columns, domes, and pediments they are reminiscent of Classical architecture. With the Basilica in Vicenza, Palladio transformed the Gothic remains of one building into what became a template for the Palladian window we know toda y. La Rotonda (Villa Capra) shown on this page, with its columns and symmetry and dome, became a template in years to come for a new Classical or neo-classical architecture worldwide. As Renaissance approaches to building spread to France, Spain, Holland, Germany, Russia, and England, each country incorporated its own building traditions and created its own version of Classicism. By the 1600s, architectural design took another turn as ornate Baroque styles emerged and came to dominate Europe. Long after the Renaissance period ended, however, architects were inspired by Renaissance ideas. Thomas Jefferson was influenced by Palladio and modeled his own home at Monticello on Palladios La Rotonda. At the turn of the twentieth century, American architects like Richard Morris Hunt designed grand style homes that resembled palaces and villas from Renaissance Italy. The Breakers in Newport, Rhode Island may look like a Renaissance cottage, but as it was built in 1895 it is Renaissance Revival. If the Renaissance of Classical designs had not happened in the 15th and 16th centuries, would we know anything of ancient Greek and Roman architecture? Maybe, but the Renaissance sure makes it easier.